Interjections in the English language

Any live speech, regardless of the language used, is characterized by intense emotional coloring of sentences, which can be achieved, including through interjections. Interjection is a part of speech that allows you to Express feelings, emotions without resorting to specification. In English, interjections are more common in spoken language, and in written forms of communication they are used much less often. The fact is that many interjections are used exclusively to reproduce live emotions, which means that the same interjection can be written in different ways, depending on the situation. For example:

• 1.    Damn, I've lost the game (Damn, I lost the game).

• 2.    Darn, he is so boring (Damn, he's so boring).

Interjections are often formed with the help of onomatopoeia and act as words-signals that are used to Express the requirements, motivations for action, desire, as well as for the rapid response of a person to various events.

In addition, interjections can be used to call a person or to attract his attention:

Hallo! Where is the library?

Also interjections in the English language can be used, and particular expressions:

That's a pity!

What a shame! In addition, the English interjections include sounds that fill the pauses in speech: Um, uh, like, you know, it is.

Interesting that often interjections include such sounds that are very rare, and sometimes nowhere else are found in this language. These features help to perform one of the functions of interjections - to attract the attention of the interlocutor. For example, shh and psst consist entirely of consonants, which is unusual for English. Characteristic features inherent in English interjections:

• 1.    Interjections are independent. They have nothing to do with the other members of the sentence, because in one or two words interjections can contain a full statement. In fact, interjection is a separate sentence consisting of a single word or phrase. For example:

• 1.    - Have you seen this film? (Have you seen this movie?) - Als! (Alas!)

• 2.    - She will arrive at four o'clock (She arrived at 5 o'clock) - Hurray! (Cheers!)

• 2.    Interjections have no forms of time, gender, number. They're immutable. In English, interjections have their own classification, allowing to distinguish them by their main meaning. The meaning of English interjections can be divided into three groups:

1)Cognitive (to convey thoughts, views of the speaker, indicate the receipt of new information). For example: - I've lost my passport! (I lost my passport!) - So that's it! (So that's it!)

• 2)    Emotive (convey directly feelings, emotions) for Example: Oh!We've finally met! (Oh! Finally we meet!)

• 3)    Imperative (convey wishes, orders) for Example: - We are so tired! (We're tired!) - Hush! (Shut up!) It should be noted that the same interjections can have many shades and subtleties, and therefore may well refer to several types, i.e. to be emotive, then cognitive, depending on the context. For example:

• 1.    - Today is her birthday! (Today is her birthday!) - Ohh... So we should buy her a present (About.... So, we should buy her a gift) - the interjection "ohh" acts as a cognitive, as the speaker took note of some new information.

• 2.    Ohh... I am so tired! (About.… I'm tired!) - the interjection became emotive because it expresses a specific emotional state (exclamation that conveys suffering from pain). Due to the fact that the English interjection is still insufficiently studied, linguists disagree about the words serving the sphere of interpersonal relations, etiquette.

Some scientists consider the word for a greeting, a farewell and an apology to the interjections, because the formal features of the interjections they complied, as it is a complete invariant words that have some meaning and emotional load. Therefore, if we consider this part of speech in a broader sense, the words that are an attribute of etiquette can also be attributed to interjections. For example:

• 1.    Hi! I'm glad to see you! (Hi! I'm so glad to see you!)

• 2.    Sorry, but I'm pressed for time! (Sorry, I don't have time!) Interjections enrich the lexicon of the speaker, give his speech, the brilliance and emotion. Below are the most commonly used English interjections:

Ah (positive emotions: relief, delight)

Aha (triumph or surprise, perhaps ridicule)

Boo (threat, intimidation) Boo-hoo (mocking imitation of crying)

Boo-ya (cry of triumph)

Eh (with interrogative intonation: please repeat or confirm, with affirmative -disdain)

Er (stalling, "wait for an answer")

Ha (joy, surprise, sometimes triumph)

Ha-ha (laughter or mockery)

Hee-hee heh and heh-heh (and so on) (malevolent, hee-hee)

Huh (or hunh) (distrust, confusion; with interrogative intonation - please repeat) HUP, from the sound-off a military cadence chant, signals beginning an exerting task. (military: signal the beginning of a difficult task "once or twice took!")

Lah-de-dah (laughter at vain attempts, we cannot be fooled!)

Mm-hmm (acknowledgment, "poddakivanie")

Mmm (pleasure of taste or feeling)

Neener-neener (often three times sarcastic mockery)

Now (admonition: "come on, come on!")

Oh (Understanding, recognition, with interrogative intonation - please confirm; reaction to pain or pleasure (often ooh))

Oy (from Jewish: regret, disappointment, care, self-pity)

Pff (disappointment, contempt, or irritation)

Psst (call to silence)

Shh (demand silence)

Tsk-tsk (condemnation, swearing, disapproval)

Uh (the sophisticate, the delay time)

Uh-huh (agreement)

Whee (interest, great fun)

Woo and woo-hoo (interest)

Wow (surprise)

Yo-ho- (traditional pirate chorus)

Yoo-hoo (attention-grabbing). So English interjections are one of the most interesting and non-standard parts of speech in modern language.

New interjections are formed almost daily. Interjections are firmly included in the vocabulary of a native English speaker, being an integral part of it. The skill of an expert in the English language is determined by the ability to skillfully and appropriately use modern interjections, thereby making his speech richer and richer.