Study of food waste fermentation processes by Baikal EM-1 preparation

The aim of the study is to investigate the quality indicators of organic fertilizer obtained in the process of fermentation of food waste of various compositions with the preparation Baikal EM-1. Tasks: to carry out the process of fermentation of food waste; to analyze the composition of the obtained compost; to provide recommendations on the use of the obtained organic fertilizer. Experimental studies on the fermentation of food waste were conducted at the Department of Biotechnology and Food Production, the quality indicators of the obtained organic fertilizer (compost) were determined in the Agroecology research laboratory of the Kuzbass State Agrarian University named after V.N. Poletskov. The object of the study is food waste. The process of fermentation of food waste of various compositions with the preparation Baikal EM-1 to obtain organic fertilizer (compost) was studied. Baikal EM-1 is a microbiological fertilizer designed to improve the fertility of soil of any structure and composition in the garden and soil mixtures for indoor plants and seedlings. The biopreparation contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms living in the soil: lactic acid, nitrogen-fixing, nitrifying bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and fermenting fungi. Food waste containing a protein component was poorly fermented with the enzyme preparation Baikal EM-1. The enzyme preparation Baikal EM-1 can be used for the fermentation of food waste containing a fat and carbohydrate component. A qualitative assessment of the resulting compost was made. The resulting compost fully complies with the requirements of GOST 55571-2013. The samples of the resulting compost have a fairly high content of total nitrogen (from 1.03 to 1.83 %), potassium (from 1.33 to 2.18 %), total phosphorus (from 1.41 to 1.48 %). In this regard, this compost can be successfully used as a fertilizer for ornamental and agricultural crops.