Studying the influence of the chemical composition peculiarities of soybean lecithin phospholipids on their polarity

The purpose of research is to study the effect of the chemical composition of individual groups of phospholipids contained in defatted soy lecithin on their polarity in order to justify the choice of an effective organic solvent in the fractionation of defatted soy lecithin. Objectives: to study the composition and content of fatty acids and polyvalent metals in individual groups of phospholipids of defatted soy lecithin; determine the polarity of the individual groups of phospholipids contained in defatted soy lecithin. The study was conducted on the basis of the Krasnodar Research Institute for the Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking. The object of study is defatted soy lecithin, characterized by a mass fraction of: moisture and volatile substances - 0.15 %; substances insoluble in acetone - 98.6 %; substances insoluble in toluene - 0.15 %; acid number - 20.5 mg KOH/g and peroxide number - 3.2 mmol active oxygen/kg. It has been established that the individual groups of phospholipids in terms of the content of saturated fatty acids form a series (in ascending order): phosphatidylcholines (23.01 %) → phosphatidiethanolamines (24.90) → phosphatidic acids (31.10) → phosphatidylserines (32.20) → phosphatidylinositols ( 33.40) → diphosphatidylglycerols (34.25 %). Polyvalent metals are contained only in the composition of phosphatidylserines and phosphatidic acids, while their content in phosphatidylserines is higher (2.0 times) than in phosphatidic acids. The individual groups of phospholipids contained in defatted soy lecithin are arranged in ascending order in relative polarity: diphosphatidylglycerols → phosphatidylinositols → phosphatidylserines → phosphatidic acids → phosphatidiethanolamines → phosphatidylcholines. Thus, knowing the polarity of the individual groups of phospholipids contained in defatted soy lecithin, it becomes possible to fractionate lecithin by selecting organic solvents of different polarity.