The history of correctional and inclusive education of people with intellectual and behavioral disorders in the Smolensk region (clinical and psychological aspect)

The study presents the clinical and psychological aspect of the formation and development of correctional and inclusive education in the Smolensk region from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th century. The basis of the research is such a complicated category of students as children and adolescents with intellectual and behavioral disorders. The main research methods were a theoretical analysis of academic literature, a comparative analysis of the available evidence, its evaluation, interviews with participants and witnesses of the described events. The study found that pedagogical and psychiatric assistance to people with sensory and mental disorders in the Smolensk region began in the same historical period - in the 80-90s of the 19th century. Preparation began in 1881, and in 1891 the Smolensk School for Blind Boys was opened, on the basis of the school in the 20s of the 20th century a unique experiment of the collaborative education of blind and sighted children was conducted. In 1883 the zemstvo hospital was opened, where children and teenagers, while being treated, participated in organized classes in mathematics, Russian and music. The study shows the active development of clinical and psychological assistance in the Smolensk region in the late 60s and the early 70s of the 20th century, the implementation of the regional model of support for children with mental disorders in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, functioning of the correctional education system for the category of children under consideration and creation of conditions for inclusive education. At the end of the 20th century, more than 50 educational organizations in the Smolensk region offered collaborative education to children with normal and limited health needs.