Study and preservation of grape gene pool on the ampelographic collection of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking

The scientific article reflects the results of research on grape varieties of the ampelographic collection of the Anapa zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking, related to the study and preservation of the genetic resources of this crop. Last year, the Anapa ampelographic collection, consisting of 4.951 grape genotypes, was replenished with 10 grafted varieties of various ecological and geographical origin: table direction - Viking, Galahad, Memory of the Teacher, Lily of the Valley, Brilliant; technical direction - Mourvedr, Palava, Violet early, Asyl Kara, Gok raisin. These varieties, as well as all other varieties and hybrids that grow on the ampelocollection, are comprehensively studied every year: agrobiological records are carried out to study productivity and yield, testing, identification, phenology, growth, etc. In this case, traditional and modern methods are used. The results were obtained to identify the characteristics of the response of grape plants of different origins and maturation period to abnormally changing weather conditions. In particular, it was found that many grape varieties of almost all maturation periods had almost the same duration of the growing season, and technical varieties in comparison with previous years ripened ahead of schedule. In addition, the fruitfulness of the shoots decreased due to a decrease in the load of inflorescences. The full range of the results obtained will allow us to identify new promising sources of economically valuable breeding traits that are important when creating new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes. The latter, in turn, will provide higher indicators of sustainability and yield of agrocenoses, which will increase the profitability of growing grapes when they are introduced into the production process.