Language means of expressing spatial relations in Mongolian languages: postpositions

The article discusses spatial relations and the linguistic means of their expression - postpositions. They are one of the most important means of characterizing the movement of an object and its location in space. The combination of orientation and localization revealed various spatial meanings, both general and private. Identified and described types of localization in with different values relative to the reference. The general values of orientations are indicated by the names of locative cases (essays, lative, ablative, prolative). Private localizations (IN, EXTRA, APUD, ULTRA, ANTE, INTER, POST, SUB, SUPER, AD, SUPRA, CIRCUM) expressed by posterior structures denote the space inside, outside, near, away, on the surface, before, beyond, under the orientation. Some localizations are not used in certain values. They can be expressed by other language means, for example, case forms.