Ecological plant breeding: types and practice (review)

The article describes the theoretical basis of ecological breeding. A critical analysis of the definition of that term and the theoretical foundations of ecological breeding as the method of selecting a genotype-environment hereditary factors that are expressed appropriately changing external environment. Two main types of organization of ecological breeding: shuttle breeding at CIMMYT implemented and conjugate breeding developed the program «Ecada.» Detailed methodological approaches and results of spring wheat breeding in the «Ecada.»