The etymological layers of currency unit names in the Mordovian languages

Introduction. The Middle Volga region was under the dominance of Turkic peoples for an extended period before becoming part of the Russian Empire in the 16th century. These historical circumstances significantly influenced all aspects of Mordovian life, as evidenced by the substantial number of Turkic and Russian loanwords in the language, including borrowed names for currency units. However, this layer of vocabulary has not been the subject of detailed study by historical linguists. The aim of this research is to trace the origins of Mordovian coin names and classify them into three etymological layers: Russian, Turkic, and Mordovian.