Ethno-socio-cultural characteristics of the population of post-Soviet states, and immigration processes

The article is devoted to revealing ethnic and cultural peculiarities of independent States on the postSoviet space, in which there are divergent socio-cultural processes, which have a differently directed and random in nature, that is characteristic for societies with high social risks. It is noted that the main capital in all modern countries is human or social capital, and not the material-technical or any other. Human development, health and longevity, professional and socio-cultural quality are becoming increasingly important for every society that seeks to develop. That is why human capital, not material-technical, financial or any other capital is the main wealth of the modern society. The article analyses data on dynamics of Index of development of human potential, which is calculated on the basis of accounting for over one hundred different indicators, the analysis of which for several years are identified trends in the development of human capital in a country. It is noted that the human capital index is steadily decreasing in societies with a high degree of uncertainty, as the enlargement and deepening of various risks under chaotic influence of many economic, political, social and spiritual-cultural factors and circumstances. Analyses the ethnocultural composition and other significant differences between new independent States emerged in the post-Soviet space. Raise the issue of facilitating the resettlement to Russia of Russians living abroad.