Concepts evolution of linguistic personality in the home history of the social humanities

The work describes the fundamental approaches to the content of concept “linguistic personality” in the home history of the social humanities. It brings out the specific features of linguistic personality evolution in psychology, philology, psycholinguistics and cultural linguistics. M.M. Bakhtin considers “author’s image” as an integral part of other characters of a work. V.V. Vinogradov made an attempt to reconstruct linguistic personality on the example of a monologic speech of barrister W.D. Spasowicz. With this purpose the scientist analyses ways of influence, methods of argumentation, linguistic techniques, actors’ roles, present in the speech text. In the fundamental research of Y.N. Karaulov the structure of linguistic personality is presented by the unity of two components: invariant that includes ideology and national cultural traditions that are general for a concrete age and variable that gives idea of every personality’s individuality. Every component is expressed by three levels: verbal-semantic, linguo-cognitive and motivational. Analysis of linguistic personality on motivational level found its place in psycholinguistics. The structure of the concept was widened by inclusion of extralinguistic factor that makes it possible to analyse linguistic personality as a subject of verbal communication. V.I. Karasik attributes “indirect communication” to the factors ensuring language evolution. Indirect communication makes it possible for a person to perceive a linguistic unit ambiguously. Within the culturological approach linguistic personality is considered as a culture phenomenon. Analysis of principal approaches gives reason to consider linguistic personality as a consumer of national cultural traditions that are reflected in language semantics and at the same time as a link ensuring preservation and evolution of language owing to realization of the accumulated social and cultural experience, enriched by individual psychological characteristics.