Categories of responsibility and obligation in personality philosophy of M. M. Bakhtin

The relevance of the given study is determined by the importance and priority of moral and ethical issues in the modern world. The article considers problems of an individual on the basis of the analysis of moral and ethical categories «obligation» and «responsibility» used by the outstanding Russian thinker M. M. Bakhtin as the most important concepts in «the philosophy of the act». In the context of M. M. Bakhtin’s idea of dialogism, the problems of the correlation of a person and the «other» are dealt with, where the «other» is the one for which the person reveals himself or herself as a moral being. The explication of the deep meaning of a practical moral philosophy of M. M. Bakhtin, orienting a person to the ethical values and ideals of morality is carried out. The necessity of understanding identity through the prism of reflection of an action, through assessment of life and relationship to the world through the word, the idea, the action, the remaining major criterion of evaluation of human existence is determined. On the basis of the comprehensive view of «the act» essence, the analysis of theory and practice in Bakhtin’s philosophy is carried out as phenomena that are not always adequately comparable, since nothing in the world of theoretical thought can be justified in the act. The authors used a method of studying the primary sources by M. M. Bakhtin, as well as works devoted to the study of his philosophical legacy. This method is combined with the hermeneutic technique, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as with transcendental and axiological methods.