KI-67 and survivin (Birc5) as biomarkers of progression and recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Very often, the prognosis of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer does not match our expectations based on clinical and morphological signs of tumor aggressiveness. The reason for these discrepancies is the molecular genetic determination of progression and relapse. Alas, to this day, in routine practice, when choosing a treatment method for non-invasive bladder cancer, the type of adjuvant treatment (type, scheme and timing), gene expression data in tumor tissues are not taken into account. New diagnostic algorithms based on molecular genetic diagnostics will make it possible to additionally assess risks and apply personalized approaches in the treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.