"Key to the city": chronotop und chronotyp

Hronotopy of the city, according to the authors includes: 1) "time-place": historical and philosophical ideas about the past of the city and "genius loci" figures; 2) "profanity", or "routine": time is a place in everyday life; 3) "design", "globalization" in the ideas of the development of this city. The purpose of this article is to show the possibilities of using the chronotope to systematize general concepts of the place and time of a city or a local region. Based on fundamental research, as well as on the work of modern domestic and foreign scientists, the authors substantiate the levels of meanings: the historical-being chronotope, the profane (everyday notions of space-time in a given region), as well as the project and global (ideas and concepts of urban development Space/time). Multilayered urban spaces ("polyphony of urban spaces") do not exclude the system "assembly" of local space-time. The concept of "chronotop", used for the analysis of literary texts (M.M. Bakhtin, etc.); as well as for diagnosing typical educational or medical spaces (A.A.Ukhtomsky), reinterpreted by the authors in the spirit of modern cultural theories. The chronotope of a city or region systemizes local spatial-temporal meanings. The author's hypothesis is that the meanings of space-time in a given region predetermine its cultural matrix, cultural landscape and socio-cultural locus of the region. The urgency of the article is that chronotopy-understanding of urban ideas about space-time, everyday life and projective ideas of development - can be used productively both for scientific purposes (cultural studies and urbanistics) and in applied practices (management, tourism, education).