Cognitive performance in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary bypass surgery: a scientific literature review

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the most common cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an effective method to eliminate disease symptoms, improve quality (QOL) and duration of life. However, CABG is associated with a certain risk of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can negatively affect QOL. Also, cognitive impairment may be one of the factors reducing the effectiveness of treatment as far as it is associated with a possible decrease in compliance, lack of understanding and implementation of medical recommendations. A comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation measures are needed for cognitive rehabilitation. The analysis of cognitive performance in patients before CABG is significant for the prognosis and prevention of a possible cognitive decline. Also, the identification of cognitive impairment in the postoperative period is crucially important for the development of the rehabilitation system. Aim. A review of the scientific literature on cognitive performance in patients with CHD undergoing CABG. Methods. The theoretical analysis of scientific literature and the synthesis of available modern scientific data were performed. Results. The article provides a review of scientific literature on cognitive impairment in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It was found that biomedical and psychosocial characteristics were involved in the development of cognitive impairment in CHD. On the one hand, the information available in the scientific literature provides insights into common vascular risk factors and the role of atherosclerotic processes with respect to cognitive decline in patients with CHD. On the other hand, there are data on the effect of surgery on cognitive function. Information on the methods of psychological diagnostics and correction of cognitive impairment in patients with CHD is provided. Conclusion. According to the analysis of the available data, it is concluded that cognitive impairment in CHD is multifactorial and can negatively affect the quality of life, as well as adherence to treatment and disease prognosis. The study of cognitive impairment in patients with CHD is a practically significant and promising area of scientific research. Such a research agenda is essential for developing precise diagnostic criteria for cognitive decline, optimizing the rehabilitation system and creating an effective system of preventive programs.