Comprehensive study of the adaptogenic and insecticidal potential of the extract of aronia Michurinii leaves (×Sorbaronia mitschurinii) on the Drosophila melanogaster model

The fruits of black chokeberry, represented by the species Aronia melanocarpa and ×Sorbaronia mitschurinii, are widely distributed throughout the world as a source of a wide range of biologically active substances, macro- and micro-molecules. Although, there is little data on the study of leaves, especially on their possible toxic effects on the viability of model organisms. We analyzed the composition of the extract of aronia Michurin leaves, which showed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in it, including gallic acid, rutin (rutoside, vitamin P), isoquercetin, and kaempferol. The addition of leaf extract throughout the lifespan, at 1-2 and 4-5 weeks, resulted in a reduction in lifespan of individuals of both sexes of Drosophila melanogaster. The leaf extract had no statistically significant effect on the functional integrity of the intestinal barrier in both sexes of fruit flies. There were also no adverse effects on the motor activity of fruit flies. The study showed that pre-feeding with the extract as part of a nutrient medium resulted in a 15 % increase in the median survival rate of males under fasting conditions at a young age and a 6 % increase in the survival rate of females under the same conditions at an adult age. However, under hyperthermia conditions, pretreatment with the extract reduced the survival rate of males at 10 days (by 12 %) and 33 days (by 20 %), as well as decreased the survival rate of females at 33 days (by 12 %). In addition, leaf extract of aronia Michurin reduced the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (lip3), insulin signaling (ilp5) in both sexes of Drosophila melanogaster. This may indicate the effect of extract on energy homeostasis and the signaling pathway of insulin in the body. Further research on the biological effects of extract of aronia Michurin leaves may contribute to the development of a natural insecticide that does not have a detrimental effect on the environment.