An integrated approach to solving salmonella antibiotic resistance problem using bacteriophages and a nanosilver-based preparation

The purpose of the study is the scientific substantiation and experimental confirmation of an integrated approach to the use of antimicrobial drugs based on bacteriophages and a silver preparation. The work was carried out in a laboratory and poultry farm in the Omsk Region. Research was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, a microbiological examination of samples of pathological material, feces and elements of technological equipment at a poultry farm was carried out. Identification of isolated cultures of microorganisms to species was established using the method of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF MS) using a VITEK NS mass spectrometer and Biotyper RTS software (Germany). The sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. For experimental studies, we used the anti-salmonella strain Phagum Salmonella enteritidis DS-1, deposited in the collection of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Scientific Research Center for Virology and Biochemistry Vector of Rospotrebnadzor, and the drug Argovit (SPC Vector-Vita LLC). At the second stage of research, three experimental groups of 10 broiler chickens each were formed. The chickens of the first experimental group were fed a suspension of Salmonella bacteriophage DS-1 in a dose of 0.5 ml. In the birds of the second experimental group, Salmonella bacteriophage DS-1 was used together with the drug Argovit in a dose of 0.5 and 1.5 ml, respectively. The third group was administered the antibiotic enrofloxacin, recommended for poultry salmonellosis according to the manufacturer's instructions. Modeling of Salmonella infection in broiler chickens was carried out by infecting 10-day-old chickens with a Salmonella suspension, orally at the rate of 1•109 CFU/ml per 1 head. The conducted studies allow us to state that the Salmonella bacteriophage and the drug Argovit, created on the basis of cluster silver, have well-defined antimicrobial characteristics against bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp. in vitro. In addition, the complex use of drugs in the treatment of experimental salmonellosis in broiler chickens contributed to the optimization of the enteromicrobiome, reducing the level of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, in particular Salmonella spp.