Cultural-civilization phenomenon of Russian intelligence: from folklore to literature (on the example of the tract of S. Esenin “Keys of Maria”)

Subject of the article: the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia. Object of the article: S. A. Yesenin's treatise “The Keys of Mary” (1918). The purpose of the project: to reveal the connection of the Russian intelligentsia with its roots, archaic cosmogonic representations of the world, which keeps folklore. The methodology of the work: a holistic analysis of Yesenin's philosophical poetic treatise in the light of transformations of the folk tradition and a ramified cultural and historical context involves an appeal to structural-typological, comparative-comparative, system-complex (cultural) research methods. Results of the work: an appeal to folklore allows you to see how a Russian person related himself to space, the sun and the moon, etc. Under folklore, it is proposed to consider not only textual formations, but also pre-genre forms, that is, myth, ritual, ritual. Yesenin also did not understand folklore narrowly, describing the axiological significance of embroidery and ornament. Scope of the results: the study of the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in a wide cultural context with the use of Russian folklore material, in close connection with Russian philosophy and fiction, which form a special synthesis in Russian culture, you can understand the national image of the world, clarify the views on cultural civilizational phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia. The results obtained may be of interest to both culturologists and literary critics, since Yesenin's treatise "The Keys of Mary" is often perceived either in philosophical space, or even as a poet’s fiction. Serious close attention to this text allows, following the author, to recreate the national image of the Russian intelligentsia, attached to archaic knowledge, with great memory. Conclusion: the scientific novelty of the study lies in rethinking the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in a historiosophical context, in referring to the image of a Russian peasant endowed “from the ground” with special sacred knowledge, expressed in applied art, embroidery, ornament, carving, and building a hut. This conclusion is supported by references to German philosophy, the heritage of R. Steiner, who in his writings raised the question of the cosmic intelligentsia and its role in the development of mankind. We find a similar theory in Russian humanitarian thought in the works of G. S. Smirnov, who wrote about the “noospheric” history of mankind.