Linguo-mental mechanism of metaphor formation on the example of the paradigm of spatial nouns in English

The aim of the research was to study the mechanism of spatial metaphor and describe the patterns of linguistic representation of spatial objects, to identify patterns of metaphorical modeling of non-spatial objects based on the rethinking of spatial features in English. The scientific idea that has been developed reveals the linguo-mental mechanism of metaphor formation on the example of the paradigm of spatial nouns in the English language. The spatial metaphor was found to be a relevant mechanism for the mental and linguistic development of the main areas of human life. The presence of regularities in the formation of secondary designations of non-spatial objects on the basis of a spatial metaphor in the social sphere of human activity is revealed. The author proposes an algorithm for describing the spatial metaphorical models of a subject nomination as a phenomenon that has ethno-specific and universal features of a particular linguo-cultural community and implements it on his own material; clearly shows how conceptualization takes place, language development of a person's spatial experience (at the lexical level of the English language); characterizes the internal structure of the studied group of nouns; determines the patterns of perception and representation of space, including as a tool of cognition, byrepresentatives of the English-speaking linguocultural community. The paper presents facts illustrating the cognitive and nominative potential of spatial metaphor, confirming the mechanism for identifying objects of spatial and non-spatial spheres in the process of metaphorical modeling in English; theethno-specific nature of perception and language development of space by representatives of the English-speaking linguoculture is revealed. The author studied the relationship between the primary, secondary meanings of polysemants and the types of evaluation being implemented; correlation of the structure of the internal organization of the paradigmatic association of polysemantic spatial nouns of the English language with ontological types of spatial objects; the mechanism of formation of spaсe metaphorically.