Metaphor in characterization in Wyndham Lewis's satire

Theory on characterization in fiction pays little attention to metaphor. One exception is literary grotesque, a technique close to Wyndham Lewis's satire and the author's conception thereof, both of which are considered in the present article. Using the example provided by one of the characters of Lewis's satire The Apes of God (1930), we propose that metaphor functions in its characterizations in essential accordance with Lewis's theory and conclude that by reifying the characters, the grotesque metaphors put their hol-lowness in stark contrast to the narrator's language creativity in a thoroughly modernist way.