Meta-subject approach to the development of training courses for STEM specialties

The paper discusses the issues of meta-subject construction of the content of the course “Special Chapters of Physics” for graduate students of STEM specialties. The main substantive unit of the course is proposed, with respect to which the unity and interconnection of humanitarian, natural-scientific and technical knowledge is displayed as the concept of “physical picture of the world”. The choice of a methodological platform for systematizing the conceptual apparatus of the course (the theory of scientific revolutions by T. Kuhn) is justified. It is noted that, on this basis, the structure of physical picture of the world can be represented in the form of two interconnected blocks: a scientific paradigm and scientific knowledge. The technology of constructing each conceptual level, which reflects the logic of the development of scientific knowledge within each physical picture of the world, is described. It is shown that the use of T. Kuhn’s paradigm allows us to explain the genesis and development of the mechanistic, electrodynamic, and quantum-field physical picture of the world from a unified methodological position. The content of the training modules of the course and the elements of the educational complex are presented. The complex of metacompetencies that can be formed when implementing the educational approach of the proposed approach to the construction of the course content is analyzed.