Methods of developing students' creative abilities in the process of independent study of technology

The subject "Technology Education" is included in the standards of full-time undergraduate education in all areas of education in the field of pedagogy, in which the subject, a brief history of science in Uzbekistan, practical application in teaching science The organization of classes was considered. It is recommended that a technology teacher use the following forms when preparing an independent work, taking into account the characteristics of a particular subject:

• -    study chapters and topics of textbooks and manuals;

• -    mastering the parts of the report on handouts;

• -    work with automated training and control systems;

• -    continuous monitoring of knowledge through self-assessment;

• -    work on chapters and topics of science;

• -    study and analysis of scientific literature, work on additional literature and their study;

• -    In-depth study of specific sections and topics of science in connection with the conduct of research work of students;

• -    trainings using active teaching methods;

• -    distance learning.

The pedagogical essence of the methods in the educational process is that “the school is a workshop for shaping the thinking of the rising generation, and if you don’t want to miss the future, the school is strong in the hands,” said French writer Henri Barbius. Indeed, educating the next generation, the successors of our future, requires all-round perfection, education, true dedication and strong will. The success of the educational process depends not only on its form, but also on the effectiveness of the methods used. Teaching methods play a central role in the theory of education.

The teacher's choice of methods and techniques in preparation for a new topic means balancing their exchange over time and didactic purpose. As a result, it is possible to ensure a high level of intellectual and practical activity of students. Properly used methods deepen the knowledge of objective reality and increase the overall and scientific level of the training. Sequentially selected teaching methods lead to a certain level of knowledge and professional interest, the activation of independent practical activities. Teaching methods refer to the ways in which teaching objectives are achieved and the theoretical and practical orientation of the teaching material. Based on the general purpose of education, the allocated option is analyzed and evaluated, taking into account the need to address educational and developmental issues at the current stage of teaching. One of the most important requirements for the organization of modern education is to achieve high results in a short time without spending too much mental and physical effort. To provide students with specific theoretical knowledge in a short period of time, to develop in them the skills and competencies for a particular activity, as well as to monitor the activities of students, to assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by them from the teacher requires high pedagogical skills and a new approach to the educational process.

Pedagogical technology is subjective in nature, that is, each educator must creatively organize the process of education and upbringing based on their abilities and professional skills. Regardless of the form, method and means used, pedagogical technologies should achieve the following results:

• -    Improving the effectiveness of pedagogical activities;

• -    Deciding on the interaction between teachers and students;

• -    Ensuring that students acquire a thorough knowledge of the subject;

• -    develop students' independent, free and creative thinking skills;

• -    to create the necessary conditions for students to realize their potential;

• 2.    Demonstrative methods: pictures, demonstrations, observations.

• 3.    Practical methods (exercises, practical work in the laboratory).

Another miraculous aspect of human potential is that while everyone is unique and unique, they are also created in need of society. In other words, even if each talented person makes optimal use of his mental and practical abilities, he will be able to use only 4-5% of his intellectual potential. Therefore, people have different interests and abilities, and when they come together, the efficiency of mental capacity increases. Teaching methods determine what the teacher and student activities should be like in the learning process, how to organize and conduct the teaching process, and what actions students should take in the process. Now the teacher is not an actor, but a director.

Innovative methods are a way for the teacher and students to engage in theoretical and practical learning activities to accomplish learning tasks. The teacher acts as a mediator between the knowledge accumulated in human experience and the mind of the child who has not yet acquired this knowledge. A child cannot systematically assimilate all the riches of socio-historical experience without education, without a teacher, independently. The greatest service of a teacher is to determine the specific ways of mastering the material. The method of the teaching process is a way of describing the learning material and making it known to the children. The learning process and outcomes depend on the teacher’s work methods that determine the movement of students ’learning activities. Therefore, in pedagogy, teaching methods are always considered as methods of teacher work and methods of students' cognitive activity, both of which are aimed at the implementation of learning tasks.

Pedagogical methods determine the nature of teacher and student activities, depending on the purpose and content of education. Teaching methods depend on an understanding of the general laws of knowing the world around them, i.e. they are the result of a correct understanding of philosophical ideas, the essence and principles of the educational process. Innovative methods depend on the logic of scientific thought expressed in the content of the study material. The content of teaching materials is becoming more in-depth, more complex, and more scientific in nature, so teaching methods are increasingly dependent on the logic and methods of scientific knowledge. Each method has a psychological basis. Age’s ability to master a child’s learning material and his or her level of maturity have a significant impact on teaching and learning methods. A good understanding of students' thinking activities and personal characteristics will allow them to find more effective ways of teaching.

The methods we use also depend on the anatomical, physiological, and biological characteristics of the growing organism. The organization of students' learning activities should take into account the biological growth of their age, as many aspects of education depend on this ability to work, fatigue, creative mood, physical health, school hygiene. Teaching methods should be well-grounded in theory, based on pedagogical theory, but if teaching methods are not put into practice, they will become useless. Practical orientation is one of the most important aspects of teaching methods. In these methods, pedagogical theory is directly related to practice. The deeper and more scientific the theory, the more effective the teaching methods. The less the theory is expressed in pedagogical views, the less the teaching methods depend on this theory.

The science of pedagogy summarizes the best practices of schools and teachers, demonstrates the scientific basis of traditional education, helps to creatively seek modern, effective methods of teaching. Classification of teaching methods by sources of knowledge is much simpler and is common in school practice. Methods for this feature are divided into the following three groups: 1. Oral methods (verbal expression of knowledge, conversation, work with textbooks and scientific literature).

These are somewhat conditional, as all of these methods are closely interrelated and cannot always be clearly defined. A teacher is a trainer who prepares for the lesson and chooses the most appropriate methods for it, taking into account the feasibility of these methods and their structure, and on this basis, for example, to strengthen the tasks of motivation, education and development. It also encourages students to consolidate, master, and generalize the topic and to express their ideas on the topic in a graphic way. A pressing issue for educators and educators is to put young people into practice on science topics that encourage them to think independently, defend their position, and think critically. The application of new pedagogical technologies should take into account the specifics of each subject. Interactive methods ensure constant activity in students. Students will not be idle during the lesson, they will be busy with a problem on the topic. The result is a state of boredom.

Effective use of teaching aids in the teaching process, ie interactive methods, not only helps to better remember the material, to form students who can think independently, to master the content of education, but also to develop critical and logical thinking. promotes the formation and development. Self-esteem grows, communication skills improve.