Method of modeling in pedagogical researches: history of development and modern condition

Modeling is an attribute of modern pedagogical research. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the use of the modeling method, primarily in pedagogical research. Dependence of modeling on the development of science and other spheres of human activity is discussed. The features of modeling from ancient times to the 15th century, from the 15th century till the end of the 19th century, during the modern period from the beginning of the 20th century until recent times are determined. The author considers only insufficiently developed aspects of modeling in modern pedagogical research. The author's interpretation of modeling as a four-sided relation is given. Various modeling schemes, depending on the objectives of the research and the links of modeling with forecasting and design are constructed. The levels of modeling are defined: conceptual, scientific, technological ones. The features of models of each level are described.