Microscopic analysis of the structures of textile materials dyed with natural dyes

This work is devoted to the study of the problem of environmental pollution caused by the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry, and offers a solution in the form of using natural dyes of plant origin. Synthetic dyes, despite their cheapness and stability, cause significant harm to the environment and human health. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop technologies for dyeing textile materials using extracts of natural dyes obtained from local plant materials.The scientific significance of the study lies in the in-depth analysis of the effect of natural dyes on the properties of textile materials and in the proposal of environmentally friendly technologies for their processing. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of developing innovative dyeing methods that can reduce environmental pollution and ensure the resistance of fabric to washing and wear.The research methodology includes the use of a field emission scanning electron microscope with an X-ray spectral microanalyzer to study the morphology of the fabric surface and the elemental composition of fibers before and after dyeing with natural dyes with mordant. The main results show that adding mordant to extracts improves color saturation and fastness, and also improves the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics. The study revealed changes in the chemical composition of fibers, such as an increase in the content of aluminum, potassium and titanium, which confirms the effectiveness of the technologies used.The value of the study lies in promoting the concept of sustainable and environmentally friendly production in the textile industry, as well as in proposing new dyeing methods that can significantly reduce the environmental burden. The practical significance of the work is to develop a technological basis for the production of environmentally friendly textiles that can be used in various areas of the light industry.