Minimally invasive technologies in the treatment of thyroid diseases. Review

The Kocher approach, which has already become traditional for many decades, in operations on the thyroid gland (TG) in the 21st century has ceased to meet the standards of minimally invasive surgery. Providing an excellent view of the organ and the convenience of an operative reception, a 4-5 cm incision on the anterior surface of the neck leaves behind a visible scar, which is a cosmetic defect. The development of technologies made it possible to develop and optimize access to the thyroid gland, which have the best cosmetic effect, but also require changes in the surgical technique. This literature review provides a description and analysis of the existing minimally invasive approaches to the thyroid gland.