Modelling of development of conceptual structure (based on the concept враг / feind)

This article examines the derivational processes that occur within a conceptual structure. The processes of generalization, concretization, differentiation, detailing and narrowing are highlighted. The conceptual structure of primary language units is subjected to quantitative and qualitative derivational processes. Qualitative derivational processes - derivation of an intensive (qualitative) nature - mean the appearance of new objects of non-linguistic reality in the structure of concepts as a result of understanding, conceptualization and categorization. Thus, it is designated by us as generalization, concretization, detailing and deepening. Quantitative derivation processes are processes of a quantitative order; they represent the results of qualitative derivation; when new concepts arise, the structure of concepts expands, and, conversely, when they disappear, it narrows. We consider the derivation process that leads to the appearance of new structure-forming elements as an extension-type derivation, deepening, that is, a process in which various conceptual features of microconcepts are developed, based on the cognitive mechanisms of metaphor, metonymy, and comparison, which occurs mainly when the macroconcept interacts with other concepts. Along with the expansion-type derivation process in the structure of the concept, as shown by the study, there is also a reverse process, which we qualify as a narrowing-type derivation. Each process is marked by evolutionary, revolutionary, and regressive paths and depends on the ontology of the concept itself. By the example of the concept of the ENEMMY and its equivalent in German linguoculture, it is shown that this concept is most often subjected to deepening by its characteristics. For more effective analysis of the phenomenon, the conceptual structure is presented in the form of a cognitive model.