Morphofunctional and hormonal state of cows’ body with cystic ovarian pathology

The article presents the results of a study of morphofunctional and hormonal changes in cows with cystic ovarian pathology, conducted on black-and-white animals in a farm in Perm Krai. It was found that an imbalance in the diet has a pronounced effect on the endocrine status and morphological state of the reproductive system. The diagnostic examination included ultrasound examination of the ovaries, clinical observation, and determination of sex hormone levels in the blood serum using immunochemiluminescence assay. In animals with luteal cysts, an increase in progesterone concentration to 2.02 ng/ml, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to 15.41 mU/ml, and luteinizing hormone (LH) to 25.88 mU/ml was recorded. In cows with follicular cysts, the progesterone level was 0.66±0.11 ng/ml, FSH and LH concentrations were 1.9 and 2.7 times lower, respectively, than with luteal cysts, and the content of estradiol-17β was reduced by 6%. For comparison, in clinically healthy animals in the estrous cycle, the concentration of progesterone varied from 0.20 to 1.50 ng/ml, estradiol-17β — from 1.84 to 4.01 pg/ml, LH — from 14.30 to 24.20 mU/ml, and FSH — from 5.40 to 15.60 mU/ml. Follicular cysts were formed due to low concentration of LH in the blood, which prevented ovulation. With an increased level of LH, partial luteinization of the follicle occurred, leading to the formation of a luteal cyst. The data obtained confirm the relationship between feeding disorders and the development of cystic pathology, emphasizing the need for rational adjustment of nutrition and hormonal monitoring for the prevention and early detection of reproductive disorders in highly productive cows.