Morphology, taxonomy, and breeding of coriander (review)

Coriander Coriandrum sativum L. is a leading essential oil crop in the world. The essential oil content in its fruit reaches 2.6-3.0 %. Besides essential oil in many countries is widely used fruits and coriander rosette leaves. The main component (40-80 %) of coriander essential oil is linalool, which is widely used in perfumery, food and beverage industry. Therefore, the increase of productivity and essential oil content in fruits is the main focus of selection coriander. Also breeding on the increasing of the linalool content in the essential oil is perspective. Separate direction of breeding of vegetable forms with large rosette leaves. Interspecific hybridization with coriander tordylium and intergeneric crosses with two species of the genus Bifora promising for expansion of traits polymorphism of cultivated coriander. Yield of fruits, vegetation period, the number and biomass of rosette leaves, fruit size and shatter resistance, essential oil content in the fruit, resistance to ramularia are main traits in the breeding of coriander. Coriander refers to be the cross- pollinated plant, so when breeding the most useful schemes is based on maintaining seed reserves of elite plants and isolated breeding families. Scheme of coriander breeding process includes nursery of parental germplasm, control nursery, preliminary and competitive varieties trials. The parental germplasm of coriander can be created using the methods of intraspecific and interspecific hybridization or mutagenesis. In 2014, six varieties of coriander approved for cultivation in Russia, of which three varieties: Svetly, Alexeevskiy 190 and Alexeevskiy 413, are derived in essential oil crops research stations of VNIIMK.