Scientific approaches to the study of the genesis of the ideas of substitute parenting in Russia in the XX century

The article considers substitute parenting in Russia in the XX century, perceived as a pedagogical formative impact on a child in a foster family, from the perspective of rationalist, natural science, modernization, anthropological, axiological and synergetic scientific approaches. These approaches allow solving different problems and opening new angles of the phenomenon under study, which makes it possible to represent substitute parenting in a concise and multifaceted way. The present study proves the necessity of complex application of these approaches, as it allows to comprehend the theoretical and practical features of substitute parenting, to analyze the historical experience of pedagogical support for orphans in Russia in the XX century and, based on the results of the study, improves the quality of organization of substitute parenting at the present stage.