Нейрофизиологические механизмы эмоционального интеллекта

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Обоснование: Эмоциональный интеллект (ЭИ) наряду с общим интеллектом взаимосвязан с академической успешностью, социальным и межличностным общением, что делает проблему изучения ЭИ актуальной в контексте междисциплинарных исследований с использованием методов нейровизуализации и проливает свет на психофизиологическую проблему. Цель: обзор и анализ исследований, посвященных проблеме конструкта эмоционального интеллекта и нейронных путей, обеспечивающих функционирование этого вида интеллекта. Теоретические основы: нарративный обзор опубликованных результатов оригинальных исследований и систематических научных обзорных статей с использованием поисковой системы Google Scholar. Результаты. Исследования показывают, что эмоциональный интеллект базируются на общих системах мозга, которые участвуют в реализации психических функций. Эмоциональный интеллект связан с активностью крупномасштабных нейронных сетей мозга, в которые вовлечены не только корковые регионы мозга, но и субкортикальные области, связанные с обработкой эмоционально значимых стимулов, формированием аффективного ответа и регуляцией эмоциональных процессов. Исследования полного конструкта эмоционального интеллекта (измеренного с использованием теста или методики самоотчета) также показывают вовлеченность нейронных сетей покоя в реализацию этого вида интеллекта. Траектория развития эмоционального интеллекта отличается от развития общего интеллекта, что, вероятно, связано как с накоплением индивидуального эмоционального опыта в течение жизни и с социокультурными особенностями, так и с изменениями функционирования структур мозга и нейронных сетей в течение жизни. Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволяет более полно представить взаимосвязь нейронных сетей покоя и эмоционального интеллекта. Однако очевидно, что исследований полного конструкта эмоционального интеллекта, измеренного с использованием тестов и самоотчетов, и его взаимосвязей с крупномасштабными сетями покоя, а также глобальными характеристиками функциональной связанности мозга, недостаточно, что, таким образом, делает это направление исследований перспективным для науки.

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Эмоциональный интеллект, эмоции, регуляция эмоций, нейронные сети, функциональная связанность покоя

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147241861

IDR: 147241861   |   DOI: 10.14529/jpps230306

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