“...Immeasurable, as the Expanses of the World, Immortal, as Ones Created by God”: Translations of Pushkin’s Lyrics into the Adyghe Language Image of the Poet in the Visual Arts

The author analyzes the dynamics of activities related to the publication of translations of A. S. Pushkin’s works into the Adyghe language (Adygabze), considering it in literary, linguocultural, historical-cultural and sociocultural aspects. The corpus of studied materials consisted of translations of Pushkin’s works published in the period from 1999 to 2024, children’s bilingual books, interviews with translators and representatives of the creative community, data on the composition of library collections. Linguistic and literary-artistic features of translations are analyzed. A review of the history of the problem is made based on the facts of intercultural connections and mutual influences during the 19th-20th centuries. The discourse of modern translators is considered, the current state of translation practice in Russia is assessed, the features of its crisis are described, positive examples and initiatives are studied. It is established that Pushkin’s translations made by Adyghe writers are an impetus for the development of national literature. Translations of Pushkin into Adyghe in linguistic terms not only convey meanings, but are a philosophical understanding of the language, in which even grammatical nuances enhance humanistic accents. The melody of the poems, preserving the Pushkin rhythm during translation, proves the flexibility of the Adyghe language. It is determined that in the cultural and historical aspect, translation activity is closely related to the tasks of education and preservation of identity. In the socio-cultural aspect, translations of the works of A.S. Pushkin are important as a strategy for the survival of culture. Successful experience (children’s publication competitions, creation of bilingual books for children) proves the possibility of preserving heritage through the synthesis of traditions and technologies, despite the commercialization of publishing houses and the reduction of print runs. It is shown that the imposition of Western educational standards and the crisis of the Bologna system require a return to the time-honored tradition. It is emphasized that the harmonization (improvement) or chaos (extinction) of the internal mechanisms of self-development of cultures and languages depends on the readiness of the educated community to move away from technologies that have imposed the division of culture into mass and elite. The author concludes that in order to form genuine education based on recognized models, support for translations of classics into national languages becomes an existential necessity, counteracting the disintegration of cultural ties in the context of globalization.