New types of education in the modern world

Formal education comprises of the basic education that a person receives at school. The basics, academic and trade skills are exposed to the person through formal education. Thus, this form of education is also referred to as mainstream or traditional education. Beginning with nursery education, a person learns the various aspects as he advances towards primary, secondary and higher education. While nursery, primary and secondary education are received by a student at a school, higher education, or post-secondary education, is generally disclosed at a college or university.

Informal education includes educating one through informal communication and reading books. In general, informal education is edifying someone outside the basic form of education, that is, in schools, and without the use of any learning methods.

Mentally challenged and handicapped students are educated through special learning methods, known as special education. For a student to be admitted into a special education school he is first evaluated on the various parameters of disabilities and accordingly, his eligibility is determined.

Adult education is the process of educating the adults as it aims towards educating an adult on literacy, other basic skills and various job skills. Also known as adult basic education, adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation, adult education can be categorized into three further categories: formal class based education, e-learning and self-directed learning.

Also known as elementary or preschool education, nursery education is the first step towards gaining formal education. It includes nursery school and kindergarten. This stage marks the stepping of the child from the comforts of a home to the world outside. Nursery education is usually given to children between the age of 3 and 5 years.

After nursery education, a child is exposed to primary education where he establishes his foundation on various subjects, like mathematics, science, social sciences and language. Primary education starts from the age of 5 or 6 and continues on for the next 6 to 8 years. However, the age of primary education and the subjects taught differ from one country to another.

Secondary education is the final stage that a child undergoes in a school during his adolescence. The education format transforms from a comprehensive primary education to optional and specialized training subjects. Here, he receives detailed information and knowledge on his preferred subjects.

Schooingl gets over with secondary education and a student now enrolls himself in an undergraduate and post graduate college or university to receive the highest level of education in his subjects of specialization. Also known as tertiary education, higher education is a non-compulsory level of education.

A strategic resource of innovative economy is knowledge and the person having that knowledge. In fact, the competitiveness of the state, its security and stability is determined by the availability of competitive education system that meets the needs of society and spheres of production and is able to attract and retain talent. Training courses in Tashkent, the study of programming in the US, medicine in India, etc. — all this is the most important factor in the development of the economy. The globalization of human capital leads to standardization at the international level of requirements to the competence of the people expressed, in particular, European qualification framework and in the framework of continuous learning throughout life. In today's world, higher education ceases to be a unique and exclusive service. It is available for a wide range of the population. Higher education becomes a kind of "pass" in labor market.

At present stage in higher education it is possible to observe several types and they are as follows:

The mass or General:

• 1.    Education becomes universal and accessible to different sections of the population;

• 2.    Learning almost everything at any age (the transition to universal higher education in economically developed countries, education throughout life).

Commercial or paid:

• 1.    The introduction of market relations, increase in the number of private educational institutions and paid forms of education at various levels;

• 2.    The rising cost of educational services, increasing the share of spending on education in the total income of the population, prolongation of term of return of investment in education.

International :

• 1.    Internationalization of curriculum and programs, recognition of learning outcomes, developed in other countries;

• 2.    International joint research;

• 3.    The establishment of regional and international University networks;

• 4.    International mobility of students and teachers to create a unique educational environment and formation of cross-cultural competences;

• 5.    The export of educational services in various forms.

Information or remote:

• 1.    Information technology is blurring territorial borders and thanks to the Internet it has become possible to study virtual in foreign universities;

• 2.    New technologies are replacing the classroom, libraries, laboratories, etc.;

• 3.    Individual devices (smartphones, tablets) and applications personalize educational environment, make it mobile;

• 4.    The content of the educational program (including content items, class records, alternative sources of information) becoming available to students and teachers at any time.

Globalization processes have changed the competition in the field of education: it gradually shifted from the local to the global level. The citizenship of the country, living in a particular region, training in a particular school was no longer sufficient for success and competitiveness. Thanks to the mooc (massive on-line open courses) a world-class education became available to all.

At the same time increased the prestige of foreign degrees in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, the process of "concentration of minds" in the world's leading universities.

Globalization manifests itself in the availability of information, its openness. However, available network information is redundant, and unskilled users, like new learners can not always assess its adequacy and quality. Therefore, it is actual to form the ability to learn, locate information, and develop competence in the University. The orientation of a person comes first today in his further development, his desire and ability to learn constantly and accumulate knowledge, also to create competence. That's why there are a lot of reforms in the field of education. On the basis of these reforms there lies the direction of students to their own goals in the future.