Justification of the criteria of soybean selection for increased frost resistance based on the phenomenon of cytocolloids cryogenic sedimentation (review)

A series of experiments with freezing of soybean, lupine and flax cell cytoplasm at temperatures from - 3 to -20 °C, and determining residual concentrations of cytosols made it possible to formulate the main provisions of the colloidal hypothesis of soybean frost resistance based on the phenomenon of cryogenic cytocolloid sedimentation. According to this hypothesis, the cytoplasm of soybean is a water-colloidal solution (cytosol). The colloidal cytosol micelles, due to the surface charge, partially bind water molecules, preventing its crystallization at subcritical negative temperatures. The prolonged effect of negative temperatures on overcooled cytosol leads to a continuous decrease in the surface charges of colloidal micelles, their critical mutual approach and unification into coarse aggregates (coagulates) and gravitational sedimentation. The cytosol solution after the precipitation of colloids into an insoluble residue, acquires the properties of true solutions with a crystallization point near to 0 °C, and rapidly crystallizes...