Review of foreign practice for providing support measures for young people deprived of parental care at the beginning of their independent life

The relevance of the research is determined by the dysfunctions of housing provision for orphans, the need to find and develop new mechanisms for solving the problems of housing deprivation of graduates of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. The aim of the study is to analyze foreign experience in the implementation of housing programs, to determine the possibility of their adaptation in the conditions of the Russian Federation. The key difference of the presented material is the comparative analysis of data from information sources of foreign state social services and public organizations. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in expanding the contours of the development of social support models for orphans, going beyond the paternalistic approach. The research results show the opportunities and limitations of the implementation of“Independent living programs”. We have found that the concepts of housing support for graduates of European countries are characterized by a high degree of variability, taking into account the individual capabilities (financial, social, professional) of young people. In particular, in Norway (Josephine Stiftelsens), the variability of housing solution choices depends on the success of graduates' social adaptation and includes differentiated models of support. The “open door” policy (SOS Children's Villages program, implemented in 135 countries) involves the creation of “children's villages” to house orphaned children with the possibility of their return in case they are psychologically or financially unprepared to start an independent life. The results of the article prove that in European countries, there is a shift of emphasis from solving the housing problem to the development of adaptive abilities and professional trajectories of orphans as a predicate for reducing social and financial exclusion. As a direction for future research, we propose to turn to a comparative analysis of orphans' trajectories of maturation, as well as strategies for achieving life success depending on the model of post-internship support.