Оценка риска никельсодержащих наноматериалов: характеристика опасности in vivo

Оценка риска никельсодержащих наноматериалов: характеристика опасности in vivo

Автор: Гмошинский И.В., Хотимченко С.А.

Журнал: Анализ риска здоровью @journal-fcrisk

Рубрика: Аналитические обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 3 (35), 2021 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Наночастицы (НЧ) никеля (Ni) и его соединений имеют широкие перспективы использования в качестве катализаторов в химической, фармацевтической и пищевой промышленности, конструкционных материалов в электронике и фотонике, при производстве источников тока, медицинских лекарственных и диагностических препаратов, пестицидов. Объем годового производства этих веществ в наноформе измеряется десятками тонн и будет в дальнейшем еще более возрастать. Наноформы Ni и его соединений, по данным многочисленных исследований, обладают токсичностью в отношении многих типов клеток, стимулируют процессы апоптоза и могут вызывать злокачественную трансформацию in vitro. Это указывает на данную группу наноматериалов как возможный источник риска для здоровья человека. Необходимым звеном в оценке риска является количественная характеристика опасности, то есть установление токсических и максимальных недействующих доз наноматериала при его поступлении в организм через дыхательные пути, неповрежденную кожу и желудочно-кишечный тракт. В экспериментах in vivo на лабораторных животных для Ni-содержащих наноматериалов отмечены общетоксическое, органотоксическое (включая гепатотоксическое и кардиотоксическое), атерогенное, аллергенное, иммунотоксическое действия, репродуктивная токсичность. Имеются многочисленные данные, свидетельствующие о наличии у всех Ni-cодержащих наноматериалов генотоксичности и мутагенности, хотя сведения об их возможном канцерогенном потенциале ограничены. Факторами, определяющими токсичность Ni и его соединений в наноформе, являются их способности к проникновению через биологические барьеры и высвобождению свободных ионов Ni++ в биологических средах. В обзоре выполнен анализ и обобщение данных о проявлениях токсичности in vivo и действующих токсических дозах при различных путях поступления в организм Ni и его соединений в наноформе за период преимущественно с 2011 г.

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Никель, оксид никеля, наночастицы, генотоксичность, аллергенность, репродуктивная токсичность, канцерогенность, производственная экспозиция, оценка риска

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142231428

IDR: 142231428   |   DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.18

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