Features of complicology in the context of problem-based learning

The article discusses modern approaches to problem-based learning that are directly related to the modernization of Russian education. Partly polemic theories are investigated on the basis of a single methodological basis, defined by the principles of Complicology and logical-philosophical analysis of the problem phenomenon. Despite the significant benefits of problem-based learning, there are many challenges posed by the widespread adoption of modern communication and information processing tools (Industry 4.0). The aim of the article is to find a productive predictive balance between the quality of the challenges facing the system of modern education and the possibilities of problem-based learning. Objectives are as follows: review the approaches to problem-based learning; characterization of the philosophical and pedagogical foundations of the phenomenon of the problem as a key element of problem-based learning; identifying opportunities to apply Complicology to improve the theory of problem-based learning; analysis of issues facing modern problem-based learning in terms of educational projections in Industry 4.0. The novelty lies in the theoretical justification of the nature of the phenomenon of “problem” as the most important element of problem learning with access to an analysis of the prospects for problem learning as part of the use of new technologies in the field of education. The methodology of the study is based on the crisis of fragmentation of the methodology of social sciences under the domination of post-modern discourse, as well as the orientation to ideas of nonlinearity, nonequilibrium, complexity of open pedagogical systems, didactics of creative and problem-oriented training, theoretical analysis of pedagogical and philosophical literature. The main methods of research were a theoretical analysis of the palette of approaches to problem-based learning; conceptual understanding of their synthesis by working through the concept of the problem within the framework of Complicology; predictive method focused on the study of the declared technological challenges to modern education and adequate transformation of classical teaching methods in a new environment.