Special aspects of the socio-psychological adaptation among primary schoolchildren in the basic general education level

The study of the features of socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren is relevant in modern Russian conditions, as negative trends associated with the uneven mental development of schoolchildren in general education institutions, the deterioration of their physical health, difficulties in communication and social interaction, in mastering social norms by schoolchildren, etc. are increasingly evident in society. Modern education is characterized by a variety of types of educational organizations, the originality of educational environments, forms of organization of the educational process, which affects the uniqueness of the conditions and the quality of the socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren. The article presents the experience of researching the features of social and psychological adaptation of students in grades 1 and 5. Common features, as well as gender and age differences in the socio-psychological adaptation of primary schoolchildren at different levels of basic general education are revealed. Aspects emphasizing the differentiation of study participants include the effectiveness of learning activities, the quickness and quality of school norms assimilation, as well as the success of social contacts. The outcome of the study was an understanding of the need to work systematically with primary schoolchildren in order to help them overcome the difficulties of adapting to school or the transition to secondary school. Statistically significant differences were revealed between boys and girls, namely: schoolgirls demonstrate a significantly higher level of socio-psychological adaptation in comparison with classmates-boys according to the following criteria: the effectiveness of educational activities, the assimilation of school norms, the success of social contacts. To this aim, a favorable educational environment can be implemented planning a personalized and differentiated approach to teaching and learning.