Characteristics of timely detection and diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder

Widespread prevalence of bipolar affective disorder (BAD), difficulties in its diagnosis, a long period from the beginning of desease to making the correct diagnosis and prescribing the correct treatment determines the need for a detailed study of the BAD from all sides. The aim of the study is the review of scientific publications of text database Cyberleninka and Elibrary dedicated to the timely detection for this desease. Inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, relevant full-textarticles on BAD. Articles of poor quality were excluded. The terminology of the article corresponds to the terminology used in the publications included in the review.General scientific method of analyzing, generalizing, comparing and systematizing data on a research topic was applied. Main symptoms, diagnostic methods, risk factors and groups BAD were revealed. The results of the analysis showed that risk factors include hereditary constitutional features in the form of hereditary burden, temperamental characteristics, influence of unfavorable family factors (abuse, domestic violence), excessive use of legal or illegal psychoactive substances, economic and emotional stress (losses or separations). The main symptoms include typical depressive and manic episodes with an average duration of 3–6 months occurring more often in the spring or autumn period with increased severity in the morning hours at BAD I, and depressive, hypomanic and mixed episodes, often with a rapidly cyclical course of the desease and specific trigger mechanisms, including in the form of childbirth, at BAD II. All patients with recurrent depression, young and postpartum should be diagnosed first.