От регионоведения к "умным городам": интеллектуальное наследие и возможные проблемы
Автор: Сапир Жак
Журнал: Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз @volnc-esc
Рубрика: Пространственные аспекты территориального развития
Статья в выпуске: 3 т.11, 2018 года.
Бесплатный доступ
В начале XXI века наблюдается устойчивая глобальная тенденция массовой урбанизации, приводящей к увеличению концентрации населения в относительно небольшом количестве крупных городов. Вследствие этого увеличивается доля производимого в них ВВП (80%). На сегодняшний день в городах проживает более 54% населения планеты, и к концу столетия его доля, вероятно, составит свыше 80%. Эта тенденция обусловливает необходимость пересмотра определений таких понятий, как «город» и «агломерация». Бесспорно, город стал центральной точкой в различных общественных науках, а экономика агломераций является весьма важной темой в экономике развития. В связи с этим «умные города» стали актуальной темой исследований в регионоведении, прикладной экономике и географии. Несомненно, развитие новых технологий, и в частности информационных, ставит перед человечеством новые задачи. «Умные города» фактически сочетают в себе производственную функцию и функцию предоставления жилой среды. В то же время их можно рассматривать также как новую форму индустриальных районов. Толчок к развитию регионоведение получило в конце 1980-х - начале 1990-х гг., когда ученые вновь обратились к концепции Маршалловых промышленных районов и она стала одной из основных тем исследований в области развития. Переход от изучения «промышленных районов» к изучению «умных городов» произошел сравнительно недавно. Но все же в исследованиях «умных городов», как и в исследованиях промышленных районов, рассматривается один и тот же круг вопросов - как чисто экономических, так и с акцентом в области политики.
Регионоведение, "умные города", маршаллов промышленный район, промышленный район, региональное развитие, урбанизация, экономическая поляризация, транспортное обеспечение
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147224919
IDR: 147224919 | DOI: 10.15838/esc.2018.3.57.2
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