Outlook and reserves the expansion of oil crops production in the Russian Federation

Primary, Russia is the Nordic country, where a large proportion of arable lands is located under adverse climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the majority of cultivated oil crops are quite adapted to the peculiarities of the Russian climate as a result of prolonged adaptive breeding. The most sowing areas in Russia are under sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, mustard, safflower and flax. In 2013, the total area under these crops reached 11 million hectares. The average yield was 1.23 t/ha, gross yield of oil seeds - 13.6 million ton. Stable high demand for vegetable oils on the domestic and foreign markets provides steady input of capital into the Russian oil producing industry. Over the past 20 years, these trends have led to an increase in oil production in Russia by 4.4 times. Increased consumption of vegetable oils by population in the same period increased by 2.1 times, the share of domestic oil in the domestic market increased from 57.9 to 84.4%. A further increase in raw material sector of the Russian oil and fat industry can be achieved by increasing the acreage of oil crops, subject to returning to production of unused arable lands, the development of a new territory, including the northern one, and optimization of the structure of crop rotation. In general, the Russian additional increase acreage of sunflower may be up to 2.85 mln ha.; soybeans - up to 3.67 mln ha.; rapeseed and turnip rape - up to 4.20 mln ha.; oil flax - up to 2.35 mln ha.; mustard - up to 3.87 mln ha.; false flax - up to 4.36 mln ha.; safflower - up to 0.94 mln ha. The potential placement of sowing areas under the oil crops can be 33.5 ml ha, which exceeds the current one, in 2014 it is 11.14 mln ha, more than three times.