Approaches to audio description as a form of intersemiotic translation

Statement of the problem. Visuality dominates modern communicative interactions, however, this remains inaccessible to the visually impaired and blind. To compensate for such limitations, there are methods of converting visual information into audio formats, known as audio description (or typhlocommentary). The purpose of this study is to analyze audio description as a form of intersemiotic translation, examining its approaches, challenges, and practical application along with developing original audio descriptions for the animated film The Adventures of Kuzma the House Spirit (1986). The review of scientific literature. The review of scientific literature on the problem includes works on linguistics by O.S. Akhmanova, A.N. Parshin, A.B. Shevnin, R.O. Yakobson and typhlocommentation by F. Bardini, I.S. Borshchevsky, S.N. Vanshin, A.M. Vildanova, S.Yu. Ryzhikova, V.Yu. Svetlichnaya, O.I. Skorokhodova. Methodology (methods and materials). The research employs such research methods as classification, continuous sampling and comparative analysis. The study uses audio description approaches by Joel Snyder and Floriane Bardini, as well as classification of challenges by Svetlana Ryzhikova. Research results. For the animated film, 134 audio descriptions were created, predominantly using the traditional approach (122 instances) compared to cognitive (12) and narrative (7) approaches. Self-analysis of difficulties when working on intersemiotic translation was carried out according to S. Ryzhikova’s classification. Conclusion. Like other forms of translation, intersemiotic translation via audio description involves linguistic, interpretive, and technical difficulties. The study highlights the dominance of the traditional approach, tailored to the film’s genre and structure. The practical material (audio descriptions) is prepared for voicing, with plans for testing in schools for visually impaired children.