Поражение нервной системы при СOVID-19

Автор: Белопасов Владимир Викторович, Яшу Яссин, Самойлова Екатерина Михайловна, Баклаушев Владимир Павлович

Журнал: Клиническая практика @clinpractice

Статья в выпуске: 2 т.11, 2020 года.

Бесплатный доступ

В статье на основе имеющихся публикаций систематизированы сведения об основных формах поражения периферической и центральной нервной систем, их клинических проявлениях при СOVID-19. Обсуждаются методы диагностики (лабораторные, инструментальные и лучевые) и лечебная тактика при разных нозологических формах - от краниальных мононевропатий до острой воспалительной полинейропатии Гийена-Барре и тяжелых поражений головного и спинного мозга в виде острой геморрагической некротизирующей энцефалопатии и миелопатий. С точки зрения патогенеза, неврологические нарушения при COVID-19 могут быть обусловлены «цитокиновым штормом», гипоксемией, нарушениями гомеостаза (энцефалопатия критических состояний), нейротропностью и нейровирулентностью SARS-CoV-2 (изолированное поражение черепных нервов, очаговые и диффузные поражения ЦНС), а также смешанным воздействием перечисленных факторов. COVID-19 влияет на течение хронических неврологических заболеваний, особенно, связанных с нейроиммунными нарушениями. Все перечисленное определяет необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода к лечению COVID-19 и его осложнений с обязательным участием специалиста-невролога.

Еще

Новая коронавирусная инфекция, вирусное поражение головного и спинного мозга, энцефалопатия критических состояний

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143172674

IDR: 143172674 | DOI: 10.17816/clinpract34851

Список литературы Поражение нервной системы при СOVID-19

Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):1-9. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmu-ne neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e781. DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781
Sellner J, Taba P, Öztürk S, Helbok R. The need for neurologists in the care of COVID-19 patients. Eur J Neurol. 2020;. DOI: 10.1111/ene.14257
Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(7):1618-1620. DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.200445
Román GC, Spencer PS, Reis J, et al. The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: a proposal from the environmental neurology specialty group of the world federation of neurology to implement international neurological registries. J Neurol Sci. 2020;414:116884.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116884
Sepehrinezhad A, Shahbazi A, Negah SS. COVID-19 virus may have neuroinvasive potential and cause neurological complications: a perspective review. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(3):324-329.
DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00851-2
Robinson CP, Busl KM. Neurologic manifestations of severe respiratory viral contagions. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(4):e0107.
DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000107
Vonck K, Garrez I, De Herdt V, et al. Neurological manifestations and neuroinvasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus Type 2. Eur J Neurol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14329
Tsai ST, Lu MK, San S, Tsai CH. The Neurologic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disea-se 2019 Pandemic: A Systemic Review. Front Neurol. 2020;11:498. doi: 10.33 9/fneur.2020.00 498.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-1720.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa330.
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa330
Liguori C, Pierantozzi M, Spanetta M, et al. Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;S0889-1591(20)30876-X.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.037
Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611-627.
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0
Мосолов С.Н. Проблемы психического здоровья в условиях пандемии COVID-19 // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. - 2020. - Т.120. - №5. - С. 7-15.
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20201200517
Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:34-39.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027
Galea S, N. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing. The need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. 2020.
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
Colizzi M, Bortoletto R, Silvestri M, Mondin F. Medically unexplained symptoms in the times of Covid-19 pandemic: A case-report. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;5:100073. 10.1016/ j.bbih.2020.100073.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100073
Asadi-Pooya AA, Simani L.Central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review. J Neurol Sci. 2020;413:116832.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116832
Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literatu-re review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77:8-12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017
Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single, retrospective, observational study. Lancet. 2020.
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3550025
Mahammedi A, Saba L, Vagal A, et al. Imaging in neurological disease of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. An Italian multicenter retrospective observational study. Radiology. 2020:201933.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201933
Guillan M, Villacieros-Alvarez J, Bellido S, Perez-Jorge Peremarch C. et al. Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient. J.Thromb Res. 2020 Jun 9;193:107-109.
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.015
Lu L, Xiong W, Liu D, Liu J. et al. Newonset acute symptomatic seizure and risk in Coronavirus Diseases 2019: A retrospective multicenter study. Epilepsia. 2020;61(6):e49-e53. 10.1111/ epi.16524.
DOI: 10.1111/epi.16524
Le Guennec L, Devianne J, Jalin L, Cao A, Galanaud D, Navarro V, Boutolleau D, Rohaut B, Weiss N, Demeret S. Orbitofrontal involvement in a neuroCOVID-19 patient. Epilepsia. 2020.
DOI: 10.1111/epi.16612
Fasano A, Cavallieri F, Canali E, Valzania F. First motor seizure as presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Sci. 2020:1-3.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04460
Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, et al. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the age of Coronavirus disease 2019: A review. JAMA Neurol. 2020.
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065
Elgamasy S, Kamel MG, Ghozy S, et al. First case of focal epilepsy associated with sars-coronavirus-2. J Med Virol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26113
Hepburn M, Mullaguri N, George P, et al. Acute symptomatic seizures in critically Ill patients with COVID-19: Is there an association? Neurocrit Care. 2020;1-5.
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01006-1
Kuroda N. Epilepsy and COVID-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;108:107122.
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107122
Карлов В.А., Бурд С.Г., Лебедева А.В., и др. Эпилепсия и COVID-19. Тактика и лечение. Рекомендации Российской противоэпилептической лиги // Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. - 2020. - Т.12. - №1. - С. 84-88.
DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333.2020.12.1.84-88
Karimi N, Sharifi Razavi A, Rouhani N. Frequent convulsive seizures in an adult patient with COVID-19: A case report. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2020;22(3):e102828.
DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.102828
Холин A.A., Заваденко Н.Н., Холина Е.A. Международные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с эпилепсией в условиях пандемии COVID-19 (по материалам ILAE) // РМЖ. Неврология. - 2020. - №8. - С. 2-4.
Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, et al. A first case of menin-getis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55-58.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062
Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;S0889-1591(20)30465-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.017
Bernard-Valnet R, Pizzarotti B, Anichini A, et al. Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Neurol. 2020;10.1111/ene.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14298
Dogan L, Kaya D, Sarikaya T, et al. Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: case series. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:155-158.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.022
Duong L, Xu P, Liu A. Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in downtown Los Angeles, early april 2020. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;7:33.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.024
Lovati C, Osio M, Pantoni L. Diagnosing Herpes simplex-1 Encephalitis at the Time of COVID-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(6):1361-1364.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04461-y
Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. N Engl J Med. 2020:382(17):1663-1665.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2005073
McAbee GN, Brosqol Y, Pavlakis S, et al. Encephalitis assоciated with COVID-19 infection in 11 year-old child. Pediatric Neurology. 2020.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.013
Perchetti GA, Nalla AK, Huang M-L, et al.Validation of SARS-CoV-2 detection across multiple specimen types. J Clin Virol. 2020;128:104438.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104438
Al-Olama M, Rashid A, Garozzo D. COVID-19-associated Meningoencephalitis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage: a case report. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(7):1495-1499.
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04402-w
Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, et al. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med. 2005;202(3):415-424.
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050828
Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other Coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:18-22.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031
Hung EC, Chim SS, Chan PK, et al. Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Chem. 2003;49(12):2108-2109.
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.025437
Zhang QL, Ding YQ, Hou JL, et al. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus RNA in autopsy tissues with in situ hybridization. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2003;23(11):1125-1127.
Pilotto A, Odolini S, Masciocchi SS, et al. Steroid-responsive Encephalitis in Covid-19 disease. Ann Neurol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/ana.25783
Arbour N, Day R, Newcombe J, Talbot PJ. Neuroinvasion by human respiratory Coronaviruses. J Virol. 2000;74(19):8913-8921.
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.19.8913-8921.2000
Lau K-K, Yu W-C, Chu C-M, et al. Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(2):342-344.
DOI: 10.3201/eid1002.030638
Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chang YC. Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2005;14(3):113-119.
Panariello A, Bassetti R, Radice A, et al. Anti-NMDA receptor encepha-litis in a psychiatric Covid-19 patient: a case report. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:179-181.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.054
Yashavantha Rao HC, Jayabaskaran C. The emergence of a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease and their neuroinvasive propensity may affect in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):786-790.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25918
Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-1034.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
Hoshino A, Saitoh M, Oka A, et al. Epidemiology of acute ence-phalopathy in japan, with emphasis on the association of viruses and syndromes. Brain Dev. 2012;34(5):337-343.
DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2011.07.012
Bohmwald K, Galvez N, Ríos M, Kalergis AM. Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:386.
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00386
Чучин М.Ю. Острая некротическая энцефалопатия при вирусной инфекции // Детская больница. - 2012. - №1. - С. 23-28.
Mizuguchi M, Yamanouchi H, Ichiyama T, Shiomi M. Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza and otherviral infections. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;115(4Suppl):45-56.
DOI: 10.1111/1600-0404.2007.00809.x
Araujo R, Gouveia P, Fineza I. Bilateral thalamic lesions in acute necrotizing encepha-lopathy due to H1N1 infection visual diagnosis. Pediatr Neurol. 2016;65:96-97.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.08.008
Meijer WJ, Linn FH, Wensing AM, et al. Acute influenza virus-associated encephalitis and encephalopathy in adults: a challenging diagnosis. JMM Case Reports. 2016;3(6):e005076.
DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005076
Иванова Г.П. Лейкоэнцефалиты у детей: дифференциально-диагностические, патогенетические и терапевтические аспекты: Автореф. дис. … докт. мед. наук. - СПб., 2012. - 44 с. Доступно по: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01005012368. Ссылка активна на 14.02.2020.
Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, et al. Human Coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? viruses. 2019;12(1):14.
DOI: 10.3390/v12010014
Das G, Mukherjee N, Ghosh S. Neurological insights of COVID-19 pandemic. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020:11(9):1206-1209.
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00201
Dixon L, Varley J, Gontsarova A, Mallon D, et al. COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e789.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000789
Cardona GC, Quintana Pájaro LD, Quintero Marzola GC, et al. Neurotropism of SARS-CoV 2: mechanisms and manifestations. J Neurol Sci. 2020;412:116824.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116824
Radmanesh A, Derman A, Lui YW, et al. COVID-19-associated diffuse leukoencephalopathy and microhemorrhages. Radiology. 2020;202040. doi: 10.11-48/radiol.2020202040.
Kandemirli SG, Dogan L, Sarikaya ZT, et al. Brain MRI findings in patients in the intensive care unit with COVID-19 infection. Radiology. 2020;201697.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201697
Novi G, Rossi T, Pedemonte E, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e797.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000797
Parsons T, Banks S, Bae C, et al. COVID-19-associated Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM). J Neurol. 2020;1-4.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09951-9
Reichard RR, Kashani KB, Boire NA, et al. Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 2020;140(1):1-6.
DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02166-2
Franceschi AM, Ahmed O, Giliberto L, Castillo M. Hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a manifestation of COVID-19 infection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020.
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6595
Byrnes S, Bisen M, Syed B, et al. COVID-19 Encephalopathy masquerading as substance withdrawal. J Med Virol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26065
Pastor J, Vega-Zelaya L, Abad EM. Specific EEG encephalopathy pattern in SARS-CoV-2 patients. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):E1545.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051545
Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, et al. COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology. 2020;20118.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201187
Цинзерлинг В.А., Чухловина М.Л. Инфекционные поражения нервной системы: вопросы этиологии, патогенеза и диагностики. Руководство для врачей. - СПб.: ЭЛБИ-СПб, 2011. - 584 с.
Шмидт Т.Е. Редкие демиелинизирующие заболевания центральной нервной системы // Неврологический журнал. - 2016. - Т.21. - №5. - С. 252-264.
DOI: 10.18821/1560-9545-2016-21-5-252-264
Radmanesh F, Rodriguez-Pla A, Pincus MD, Burns JD. Severe cerebral involvement in adult-onset hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;76:236-237.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.054
Finelli PF, Uphoff DF. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities with septic encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(8):1189-1191.
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.030833
Karakike E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Macrophage activation-like syndrome: a distinct entity leading to early death in sepsis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:55.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00055
Misra DP, Agarwal V, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Rheumatologists' perspective on coronavi rus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(7):2055-2062.
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05073-9
Valade S, Azoulay E, Galicier L, et al. Coagulation disorders and bleedings in critically ill patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mediсine. 2015;94(40):e1692.
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001692
Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(5):575-578. 10.1001/JAMA Ophthalmol.2020.1291.
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291
Loon SC, Teoh SC, Oon LL, et al. The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus in tears. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(7):861-863.
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.035931
Salducci M, La Torre G. COVID-19 emergency in the cruise's ship: a case report of conjunctivitis. Clin Ter. 2020;171(3):e189-e191.
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2020.2212
Баклаушев В.П., Кулемзин С.В., Горчаков А.А., и др. COVID-19. Этиология, патогенез, диагностика и лечение // Клиническая практика. - 2020. - Т.11. - №1. - С. 7-20.
DOI: 10.17816/clinpract26339
Li JО, Lam DS, Chen Y, Ting DS. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(3):297-298.
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-315994
Chen Lu, Liu M, Zhang Z, et al. Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(6):748-755.
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316304
Vassilara F, Spyridaki A, Pothitos G, et al. A rare case of human coronavirus 229E associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in a healthy adult. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2018;2018:6796839.
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6796839
Zhou Y, Zeng Y, Tong Y, et al. Ophthalmologic evidence against the interpersonal trans-mission of 2019 novel coronavirus through conjunctiva. New York: medRxiv. 2020.
DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.11.20021956
Scalinci SZ, Trovato Battagliola E. Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19. IDCases. 2020;20:e00774.
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00774
Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Can J Ophthalmol. 2020;S0008-4182(20)30305-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003
Sadhu S, Agrawal R, Pyare R, et al. COVID-19: Limiting the risks for eye care professionals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;1-7.
DOI: 10.1080/0927394-8.2020.1755-442
De Grootmijnes JD, van Dun JM, van der Most RG, de Groot RJ. Natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease. J Virol. 2005;79(2):1036-1044.
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1036-1044.2005
Neri P, Pichi F. COVID-19 and the eye immunity: lesson learned from the past and possible new therapeutic insights. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(5):1057-1060.
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01389-2
Nakagaki K, Nakagaki K, Taguchi F. Receptor-independent spread of a highly neurotropic murine coronavirus JHMV strain from initially infected microglial cells in mixed neural cultures. J Virol. 2005;79(10):6102-6110.
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.10.6102-6110.2005
Shindler KS, Kenyon LC, Dutt M, et al. Experimental optic neuritis induced by a demyelinating strain of mouse hepatitis virus. J Virol. 2008;82(17):8882-8886.
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00920-08
Bailey OT, Pappenheimer AM, Cheever FS, Daniels JB. A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive destruction of myelin: II. Pathology. J Exp Med. 1949;90(3):195-212.
DOI: 10.1084/jem.90.3.195
Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of Coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28(3):391-395.
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1738501
Butowt R, Bilinska K. SARS-CoV-2: olfaction, brain infection, and the urgent need for clinical samples allowing earlier virus detection. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(9):1200-1203.
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00172
Qing H, Li Z, Yang Z, et al. The possibility of COVID-19 transmission from eye to nose. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(3):e388.
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14412
Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa330.
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa330
Ralli M, Di Stadio A, Greco A, et al. Defining the burden of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(7):3440-3441.
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20797
Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S, et al.; COVID-19 Task Force of YO-IFOS. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1,420 European patients with mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Intern Med. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13089
Xydakis MS, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Holbrook EH, et al. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;S1473-3099(20)30293-0.
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30293-0
Gane SB, Kelly C, Hopkins C. Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome? Rhinology. 2020;58(3):299-301.
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.114
Hopkins C, Surda P, Kumar N. Presentation of new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rhinology. 2020;58(3):295-298.
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.116
Moein ST, Hashemian SM, Mansourafshar B, et al. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22587
Yan CH, Faraji F, Prajapati DP, et al. Association of chemosen-sory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22579
Gautier J-F, Ravussin Y. A new symptom of COVID-19: loss of taste and smell. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(5):848.
DOI: 10.1002/oby.22809
Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Rojas-Lechuga MJ, Mullol J, Alobid I. Olfactory dysfunction in the COVID-19 outbreak. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020.
DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0567
Temmel AF, Quint C, Schickinger-Fischer B, et al. Characteristics of olfactory dis-orders in relation to major causes of olfactory loss. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;128(6):635-641.
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.128.6.635
Soler ZM, Patel ZM, Turner JH, Holbrook EH. A primer on viral-associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22578
Lovato A, de Filippis C. Clinical presentation of COVID-19: a systematic review focusing on upper airway symptoms. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020;145561320920762.
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320920762
Heidari F, Karimi E, Firouzifar M, et al. Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection. Rhinology. 2020;58(3):302-303.
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.140
Obiefuna S, Donohoe C. Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Gustatory. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
Goh Y, Beh DL, Makmur A, et al. Pearls and oysters: facial nerve palsy as a neurological manifestation of Covid-19 infection. Neurology. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009863
Andorinho de Freitas Ferreira AC, Romão ТТ, Macedo YS, et al. COVID-19 and herpes zoster coinfection presenting with trigeminal neuropathy. Eur J Neurol. 2020:.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14361
Vaira LA, Salzano G, Deiana G, De Riu G. Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID-19 patients. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(7):1787.
DOI: 10.1002/lary.28692
Vaira LA, Deiana G, Fois AG, et al. Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: Single-center experience on 72 cases. Head Neck. 2020;42(6):1252-1258.
DOI: 10.1002/hed.26204
Finsterer J, Stollberger C. Causes of Hypogeusia/Hyposmia in SARS-CoV2 infected patients. J Med Virol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25903
Wee LE, Chan YF, Teo NW, et al. The role of self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a screening criterion for suspected COVID-19. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;1-2.
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05999-5
Ng SC, Tilg H. COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye. Gut. 2020;69(6):973-974.
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195
Agarwal A, Chen A, Ravindran N, et al. Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2020;10(3):263-265. 10.1016/j.jceh. 2020.03.001.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.03.001
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):970-971.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001468
Collins AM, Neurogenic Cough. Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx. 2020. Р. 253-261.
Татарников В.С. Роль ростральных вентролатеральных отделов продолговатого мозга в регуляции активности дыхательного центра: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. - Самара, 1996. - 22 с. Доступно по: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000098524. Ссылка активна на 14.02.2020.
Lee I-C, Huo T-I, Huang Yi-H. Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations in patients with COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000319
Shastin D, Nidamanuri P, Nannapaneni R. Recurrent hiccups may signal brainstem pathology and should be investigated. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018. pii: bcr-2017-222926.
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222926
Xu J, Zhong S, Liu J, et al. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(8):1089-1096.
DOI: 10.1086/444461
Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neursci. 2020;11(7):995-998.
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122
Li Y-C, Bai W-Z, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):552-555.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25728
Tassorelli C, Mojoli F, Baldanti F, et al. COVID-19: What if the brain had a role in causing the deaths? Eur J Neurol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14275
McCray PB, L, C, et al. Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 Mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus.. 2007;81(2):813-821. doi:.
Natoli S, Oliveira V, Calabresi P, et al. Does SARS-Cov-2 invade the brain? Translational lessons from animal models. Eur J Neurol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14277
Camdessanche JP, Morel J, Pozzetto B, et al. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barré syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2020;176(6):516-518.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.003
Riva N, Russo T, Falzone YM, et al. Post-infectious Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. J Neurol. 2020;1-3.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09907-z
Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Related to COVID-19 Infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(4):e741.
DOI: 10.1212/XI.0000000000000741
Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(26):2574-2576.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009191
Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J Neurol. 2020;1-3.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09849-6
Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Ghosh R. COVID-19 Polyradiculitis in 24 Patients Without SARS-CoV-2 in the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. J Med Virol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26121
Coen M, Jeanson G, Almeida LA, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:111-112.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.074
Lascano AM, Epiney J-B, Coen M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome. Eur J Neurol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14368
Bigaut K, Mallaret M, Baloglu S, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e785.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000785
Assini A, Benedetti L, Di Maio S, et al. New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barrè Syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases. Neurol Sci. 2020.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04484-5
Oguz-Akarsu E, Ozpar R, Mirzayev H, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with minimal symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Muscle Nerve. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26992
Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;76:233-235.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.062
El Otmani H, El Moutawakil B, Rafai MA, et al. Covid-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: more than a coincidence! Rev Neurol (Paris). 2020;176(6):518-519.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.007
Su XW, Palka SV, Rao RR, et al. SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome with dysautonomia. Muscle Nerve. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26988
Turgay C, Emine T, Ozlem K, et al. A rare cause of acute flaccid paralysis: human coronaviruses. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(3):280-281.
DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.165716
Kim JE, Heo JH, Kim HO, et al. Neurological complications during treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Clin Neurol. 2017;13(3):227-233.
DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.227
Gigli GL, Bax F, Marini A, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome in the COVID-19 era: just an occasional cluster? J Neurol. 2020;1-3.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09911-3
Gupta A, Paliwal VK, Garg RK. Is COVID-19-related Guillain-Barré syndrome different? Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:177-178.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.051
Sancho-Saldaña A, Lambea-Gil Á, Capablo Liesa JL, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with leptomeningeal enhancement following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;clinmed.2020-0213.
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0213
Chan JL, Ebadi H, Sarna JR. Guillain-Barré syndrome with facial diplegia related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Can J Neurol Sci. 2020;1-10.
DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.106
Caamaño DS, Beato AR. Facial diplegia, a possible atypical variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a rare neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77:230-232.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.016
Helbok R, Beer R, Löscher W, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with antibodies against SARS-COV-2. Eur J Neurol. 2020.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.14388
Scoppetta C, Di Gennaro G, Polverino F. Editorial - High dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(9):5178-5179.
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202005_21214
Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, et al. Miller fisher syndrome and polyneuritis Cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009619
Lantos JE, Strauss SB, Lin E. COVID-19-associated miller fisher syndrome: MRI findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020. 10.3174 /ajnr.A6609.
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6609
Dinkin M, Gao V, Kahan J, et al. COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy. Neurology. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009700
Wei H, Yin H, Huang M, Guo Z. The 2019 novel cornoavirus pneumonia with onset of oculomotor nerve palsy: a case study. J Neurol. 2020;267(5):1550-1553.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09773-9
Pérez Álvarez ÁI, Suárez Cuervo C, Fernández Menéndez S. [Infección por SARS-CoV-2 asociada a diplopía y anticuerpos antirreceptor de acetilcolina. (In English, Spanish)]. Neurología. 2020,35(4):264-265.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.003
Anand P, Slama MC, Kaku M, et al. COVID-19 in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26918
Guidon AC, Amato AA. COVID-19 and neuromuscular disorders. Neurology. 2020;94(22):959-969.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009566
Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, et al; International MG/COVID-19 Working Group. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci. 2020;412:116803.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803
Delly F, Syed MJ, Lisak RP, Zutshi D. Myasthenic crisis in COVID-19. J Neurol Sci. 2020;414:116888.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116888
Ramaswamy SB, Govindarajan R. COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis - A Case Report of Successful Outcome. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2020;7(3):361-364. 10.3233/JND - 200520.
DOI: 10.3233/JND-200520
Wong PF, Craik S, Newman P, et al. Lessons of the month 1: a case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Med (Lond). 2020. pii: clinmed.2020-0182.
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0182
Cuneo GL, Grazzini I, Guadagni M, et al. An atypical Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis with involvement of spinal cord. Neuroradiol J. 2016;29(5):396-399. 10.1177/197140091666 5383.
DOI: 10.1177/1971400916665383
Муртазина А.Ф., Наумова Е.С., Никитин С.С., и др. Стволовой энцефалит Бикерстаффа, острый поперечный миелит и острая моторная аксональная нейропатия: сложности диагностики и лечения пациентов с перекрестными синдромами. Клиническое наблюдение // Нервно-мышечные болезни. - 2017. - Т.7. - №3. - С. 56-62. [Murtazina AF, Naumova ES, Nikitin SS, et al. Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, acute transverse myelitis, and acute motor axonal neuropathy: diagnostic and treatment challenges in patients with concomitant syndromes. Clinical observation. Neuromuscular Diseases. 2017;7(3):56-62. (In Russ).]
DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2017-7-3-56-62
Sotoca J, Rodríguez-Álvarez Y. COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing myelitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e803.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000803
Гусев Е.И., Мартынов М.Ю., Бойко А.Н., и др. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) и поражение нервной системы: механизмы неврологических расстройств, клинические проявления, организация неврологической помощи // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. - 2020. - Т.120. - №6. - С. 7-16. [Gusev EI, Martynov MYu, Boyko AN, et al. Novaya koronavirusnaya infektsiya (COVID-19) i porazheniye nervnoy sistemy: mekhanizmy nevrologicheskikh rasstroystv, klinicheskiye proyavleniya, organizatsiya nevrologicheskoy pomoshchi. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020;120(6):7-16. (In Russ).] 10.17116/ jnevro20201200617. 10.17116/jnevro20201200617
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20201200617.https
Анестезиолого-реанимационное обеспечение пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19. Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов. Методические рекомендации. - М., 2020. - 183 с.
Lai C-C, Liu YH, Wang C-Yi, et al. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):404-412.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012
Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Endotehelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417-1418. 10.1016/S0140-6736 (20)30937-5.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5
Morassi M, Bagatto D, Cobelli M, et al. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series. J Neurol. 2020;1-8.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09885-2
Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020.
DOI: 10.1001/jama-cardio.2020.1096
Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020:e201017.
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017
Qureshi AI, Abd-Allah F, Alsenani F, et al. Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Report of an international panel. Int J Stroke. 2020;1747493020923234.
DOI: 10.1177/1747493020923234
Pranata R, Huang I, Lukito AA, Raharjo SB. Elevated N-terminal Pro-Brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1137):387-391.
DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137884
Tu WJ, Cao J, Yu L, et al. Clinicolaboratory study of 25 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1117-1120.
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06023-4
Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020.
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286
Akhmerov A, Marban E. COVID-19 and the heart. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1443-1455. 10.1161/CIRCRES AHA.120.317055.
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317055
Aggarwal G, Lippi G, Henry BM. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis of published literature. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(4):385-389.
DOI: 10.1177/1747493020921664
Hess DC, Eldahshan W, Rutkowski E. COVID-19-related stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2020;11(3):322-325.
DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00818-9
Young K. COVID-19: Stroke in Young Adults/New Presentation in Kids/ACS Advissions. N Engl J Med. 2020.
DOI: 10.1056/NEYMc2009787
Jin H., Hong C., Chen S., Zhou Y, Wang Y. et al. Consensus for Prevention and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for Neurologists. Stroke Vasc. Neurol., 2020; svn-2020-0003-82.
DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382
Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res. 2020;191:9-14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024
Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, et al. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(17):e38.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2007575
Bernstein L, Stead Sellers F. Patients with heart attacks, strokes and even appendicitis vanish from hospitals. 2020. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/patients-with-heart-attacks-strokes-and-even-appendicitis-vanish-from-hospitals/2020/04/19/9ca3ef24-7eb4-11ea-9040-68981f488eed_story.html.
Cavalcanti DD, Raz E, Shapiro M, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020.
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6644
Hughes C, Nichols T, Pike А, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a presentation of COVID-19. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7(5):001691.
DOI: 10.12890/2020_001691
Poillon G, Obadia M, Perrin M, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection: causality or coincidence? J Neuroradiol. 2020;S0150-9861(20)30167-X.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neu-rad.2020.05.003
Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, et al. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:115-119.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.077
Violi F, Pastori D, Cangemi R, et al. Hypercoagulation and antithrom-botic treatment in Coronavirus 2019: a new challenge. Thromb Haemost. 2020;120(6):949-956.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710317
Zhao J, Rudd A, Liu R. Challenges and potential solutions of stroke care during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Stroke. 2020;51(5):1356-1357.
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029701
Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, et al. Large-Vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):e60.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787
Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L. Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;1.
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.146
Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):2268-2270.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597
Dafer RM, Osteraas ND, Biller J. Acute stroke care in the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(7):10488. doi: 16/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104881.
Leira EC, Russman AN, Biller J, et al. Preserving stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic: potential issues and solutions. Neurology. 2020;10.1212/WNL.00000-00000009713.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009713
Tsivgoulis G, Palaiodimou L, Katsanos AH, et al. Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2020;13:1756286420932036.
DOI: 10.1177/1756286420932036
Smith MS, Bonomo J, Knight 4th WA, et al. Endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a proposed algorithm. Stroke. 2020;51(6):1902-1909.
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029863
Fraser JF, Arthur AS, Chen M, et al. Society of neurointerventional surgery recommendations for the care of emergent neurointerventional patients in the setting of Covid-19. J Neurointerv Surg. 2020;12(6):539-541.
DOI: 10.1136/neu-rintsurg-2020-016098
Sharifi-Razavi A, Karimi N, Rouhani N. COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental? New Microbes New Infect. 2020;35:100669.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100669
Saiegh FA, Ghosh R, Leibold A, et al. Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;jnnp-2020-323522.
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323522
Chougar L., Mathon B., Weiss N., Degos V., Shor N. Atypical Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis with Hemorrhagic Venous Infarction in a Patient Positive for COVID-19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020.
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6642
Herman C., Mayer K., Sarwal A. Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Neurology., 2020; 95:1-8. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000 009673.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009673
Tay HS, Harwood R. Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a frail older person. Age Ageing. 2020;afaa068.
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa068
Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;e200950.
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
Potere N, Valeriani E, Candeloro M, Tana M, Porreca E. et al. Acute complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):389.
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03022-1
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475-448.
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
La Hue SC, James TC, Newman JC, et al. W. Collaborative Delirium Prevention in the Age of COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(5):947-949.
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16480
Sanders BJ, Bakar M, Mehta S, et al. Hyperactive delirium requires more aggressive management in patients with COVID-19: temporarily rethinking "Low and Slow". J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020: S0885-3924(20)30389-4.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.013
Salluh JI, Wang H, Schneider EB. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350:h2538.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h2538
O'Hanlon S, Inouye SK. Delirium: a missing piece in the COVID-19 pandemic puzzle. Age Ageing. 2020:afaa094.
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa094
Alkeridy WA, Almaghlouth I, Alrashed R, et al. A unique presentation of delirium in a patient with otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16536
Kotfis K, Roberson SW, Wilson JE, et al. COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2.pandemic.Crit Care. 2020;24(1):176.
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x
Седация пациентов в отделениях анестезиологии, реанимации и интенсивной терапии. Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов. Методические рекомендации. - М., 2020. - 39 с.
Kotfis K, Williams RS, Wilson J, et al. COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2020;40590.
DOI: 10.5114/ait.2020.95164
Shneider A, Kudriavtsev A, Vakhrusheva A. Can Melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic? Int Rev Immunol. 2020;1-10.
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1756284
Zambrelli E, Canevini M, Gambini O, D'Agostino A. Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID-19: a possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients? Sleep Med. 2020;70:111.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.006
Rábano-Suárez P, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Méndez-Guerrero A, et al. Genera-lized myoclonus in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;. 10.1212/WNL.00000 00000009829.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009829
Balloy G., Mahé P.J., Leclair-Visonneau L., Péréon Y. et al. Non-lesional status epilepticus in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019. Neurophysiol., 2020. 10.1016/j.clinph.2020. 05.005.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.005
Garg RK, Paliwal VK, Gupta A. Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: a review. J Med Virol. 2020.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26207
Asadi-Pooya A.A. Seizures Associated With Coronavirus Infections. Seizure., 2020;79:49-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.05.005
French JA, Brodie MJ, Caraballo R. Keeping people with epilepsy safe during the Covid-19 pandemic. Neurology. 2020;94(23):1032-1037.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL0000000000009632
Zayet S, Abdallah YB, Royer P-Y, et al. Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: ‘Causality or Coincidence?' J Med Virol. 2020;.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26027
Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological complications of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Encephalopathy. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7352.
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7352
Haddad S, Tayyar R, Risch L, et al. Encephalopathy and Seizure Activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient. IDCases. 2020;21:e00814.
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00814
Pinto AA, Carroll LS, Nar V, et al. CNS inflammatory vasculopathy with Antimyelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in COVID-19. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e813.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000813
Brun G, Hak J-F, Coze S, et al. COVID-19-White matter and globus pallidum lesions: demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(4):e777.
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000777

Еще

Статья научная