Постковидные неврологические синдромы
Автор: Белопасов Владимир Викторович, Журавлева Екатерина Николаевна, Нугманова Наталья Павловна, Абдрашитова Аделя Тафкильевна
Журнал: Клиническая практика @clinpractice
Рубрика: Обзоры
Статья в выпуске: 2 т.12, 2021 года.
Бесплатный доступ
В статье освещены патогенез, клинические проявления поражения центральной и периферической нервной системы, возникшие или сохраняющиеся у больных в постковидном периоде (Long-COVID-19). Их правильная оценка, использование эффективных методов комплексного лечения, направленной нейрореабилитации способствуют обратимости функциональных нарушений, предотвращению, снижению инвалидности, повышению показателей качества жизни, предупреждению прогрессирования когнитивных, эмоциональных, поведенческих расстройств, инициированных SARS-CoV-2.
Подострый, хронический covid-19, заболевания центральной и периферической нервной системы
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143175853
IDR: 143175853 | DOI: 10.17816/clinpract71137
Список литературы Постковидные неврологические синдромы
- Yachou Y, El Idrissi A, Belopasov V, Benali SA. Neuroinvasion, neurotropic and neuroinflam-matory events of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(10):2657-2669. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04575-3
- McGowan EM, Haddadi N, Nassif NT, Lin Y. Targeting the SphK-S1P-SIPR Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(19):7189. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197189
- Баклаушев В.П., Кулемзин С.В., Горчаков А.А., и др. COVID-19. Этиология, патогенез, диагностика и лечение // Клиническая практика. 2020. Т. 11, № 1. С. 7-20. [Baklaushev VP, Kulemzin SV, Gorchakov AA, et al. COVID-19. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;11(1):7-20. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17816/clinpract26339
- Белопасов В.В., Яшу Я., Самойлова Е.М., Баклаушев В.П. Поражение нервной системы при COVID-19 // Клиническая практика. 2020. Т. 11, № 2. С. 60-80. [Belopasov VV, Yashu Ya, Samoilova EM, Baklaushev VP. Lesion of the nervous system in COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;11(2):60-80. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17816/clinpract34851
- Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Minjarez B, et al. Infection Mechanism of SARS-COV-2 and Its Implication on the Nervous System. Front Immunol. 2021;11:621735. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621735
- COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2020.
- Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y, et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;81(6):e4-e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029
- Yong SJ. Persistent brainstem dysfunction in long-COVID: a hypothesis. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2021;12(4):573-580. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00793
- Taboada M, Cariñena A, Moreno E, et al. Post-COVID-19 functional status six-months after hospitalization. J Infect. 2021;82(4):e31-e33. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.12.022
- Oronsky B, Larson C, Hammond TC, et al. A review of persistent post-COVID syndrome (PPCS). Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3
- Garg P, Arora U, Kumar A, Wig N. The «post-COVID» syndrome: how deep is the damage? J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):673-674. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26465
- Iqba I A, Iqbal K, Arshad AS, et al. The COVID-19 sequelae: a cross-sectional evaluation of post-recovery symptoms and the need for rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13080. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13080
- Moreno-Pérez O, Merino E, Leon-Ramirez JM, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: a mediterranean cohort study. J Infect. 2021;82(3):378-383. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.004
- Wijeratne T, Crewther S. COVID-19 and long-term neurological problems: Challenges ahead with Post-COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome. Aust J Gen Pract. 2021 ;(50). doi: 10.31128/AJGP-COVID-43
- Seyed AS, Afsahi AM, Mohsseni PM, et al. Late complications of COVID-19; a systematic review of current evidence. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2021;9(1):e14. doi: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1058
- Nuzzo D, Cambula G, Bacile I, et al. Long-term brain disorders in post COVID-19 neurological syndrome (PCNS) patient. Brain Sci. 2021;11(4):454. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11040454
- García-Azorín D, Trigo J, Talavera B, et al. Frequency and type of red flags in patients with COVID-19 and headache: a series of 104 hospitalized patients. Headache. 2020;60(8):1664-1672. doi: 10.1111/head.13927
- Bobker SM, Robbins MS. COVID19 and headache: a primer for trainees. Headache. J Head Face Pain. 2020;60(8):1806-1811. doi: 10.1111/head.13884
- Silva MT, Lima MA, Torezani G, et al. Isolated intracranial hypertension associated with COVID-19. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(13):1452-1458. doi: 10.1177/ 0333102420965-963
- Toptan T, Aktan C, Basar A, Bolay H. Case series of headache characteristics in COVID-19: headache can be an isolated symptom. Headache. 2020;60(8):1788-1792. doi: 10.1111/head.13940
- Karadaç Ö, Öztürk B, Sonkaya AR, et al. Latent class cluster analysis identified hidden headache phenotypes in COVID-19: impact of pulmonary infiltration and IL-6. Neurol Sci. 2021;1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04978-2
- Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Trigo J, de Luis-García R, et al. Deep phenotyping of headache in hospitalized COVID-19 patients via principal component analysis. Front Neurol. 2020;11:583870. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.583870
- Al-Hashel JY, Ismail II. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with migraine: a web-based survey study. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):115. doi: 0.1186/s10194-020-01183-6
- Caronna E, Ballvé A, Llauradó A, et al. Headache: A striking prodromal and persistent symptom, predictive of COVID-19 clinical evolution. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(13):1410-1421. doi: 10.1177/0333102420965157
- Poncet-Megemont L, Paris P, Tronchere A, et al. High prevalence of headaches during COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study. Headache. 2020;60(10):2578-2582. doi: 10.1111/head.13923
- Badrah M, Riad A, Kassem I, et al. Craniofacial pain in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: Clinical and laboratory description of 21 cases. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):2616-2619. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26866
- Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Machoy M, Lipski M, Wozniak K. Electromyography as a means of assessing masticatory muscle activity in patients with pain-related temporomandibular disorders. Pain Res Manag. 2020;2020:9750915. doi: 10.1155/2020/9750915
- Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2251-2261. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1
- Veronese S, Sbarbati A. Chemosensory systems in COVID-19: evolution of scientific research. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2021;12(5):813-824. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00788
- Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(18):e174. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174
- Nguyen NN, Hoang VT, Lagier JC, et al. Long-term persistence of olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19 patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;S1198-743X(20)30781-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.021
- Oliveira RM, Santos DH, Olivetti BC, Takahashi JT. Bilateral trochlear nerve palsy due to cerebral vasculitis related to COVID-19 infection. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020;78(6):385-386. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20200052
- Doblan A, Kaplama ME, Ak S, et al. Cranial nerve involvement in COVID-19. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021;42(5):102999. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102999
- Corrêa DG, Hygino da Cruz LC, Lopes FR, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of COVID-19-related cranial nerve lesions. J Neurovirol. 2021;27(1):171-177. doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00934-0
- Decavel P, Petit C, Tatu L. Tapia syndrome at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lower cranial neuropathy following prolonged intubation. Neurology. 2020;95(7):312-313. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010011
- Khacha A, Bouchal S, Ettabyaoui A, et al. Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report. Radiol Case Rep. 2021;16(3):480-482. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.12.013
- Katyal N, Narula N, Acharya S, Govindarajan R. Neuromuscular complications with SARS-Cov-2 infection: a review. Front Neurol. 2020;11:1052. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01052
- Dos Santos Martins TG. Isolated post SARS-CoV-2 diplopia. J Neurol. 2021;268(2):391. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10072-6
- Cava i agli A, Peiti G, Conti C, et al. Cranial nerves impairment in post-acute oropharyngeal dysphagia after COVID-19. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;56(6):853-857. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06452-7
- Dicp i nigaitis PV, Canning BJ. Is there (will there be) a post-COVID-19 chronic cough? Lung. 2020;198(6):863-865. doi: 10.1007/s00408-020-00406-6
- Visca D, Beghè B, Fabbri LM, et al. Management of chronic refractory cough in adults. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;81:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.09.008.
- Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(12):102695. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102695
- Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1133-1170. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10124-x
- Panariello A, Bassetti R, Radice A, et al. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a psychiatric COVID-19 patient: A case report. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:179-181. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.054
- Бойко А.Н., Сиверцева С.А., Спирин Н.Н. Поражение нервной системы при инфекции COVID-19 с акцентом на ведение пациентов с рассеянным склерозом // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2020. Т. 12, № 1. С. 44-47. [Boyko AN, Sivertseva SA, Spirin NN. Lesion of the nervous system in COVID-19 infection with an emphasis on the management of patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology, neuro-psychiatry, psychosomatics. 2020;12(1):44-47. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2020-1S-44-47
- Memon AB, Al-Hader R, Patel S, et al. Late-onset rapidly progressive MRI- negative-myelitis after COVID-19 illness. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;202:106513. doi: 10.1016/j.clin-euro.2021.106513
- Sansone P, Giaccari LG, Aurilio C, et al. Postinfectious Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Life (Basel). 2021;11(2):167. doi: 10.3390/life11020167
- Waheed S, Bayas A, Hindi F, et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19: guillain-barre syndrome following pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13426. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13426
- Lunn MP, Cornblath DR, Jacobs BC, et al. COVID-19 vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome: let's not leap to associations. J Brain. 2021;144(2):357-360. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa444
- Гусев Е.И., Мартынов М.Ю., Бойко А.Н., и др. Новая ко-ронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) и поражение нервной системы: механизмы неврологических расстройств, клинические проявления, организация неврологической помощи // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2020. Т. 120, № 6. С. 7-16. [Gusev EI, Martynov MYu, Boyko AN, et al. New coro-navirus infection (COVID-19) and damage to the nervous system: mechanisms of neurological disorders, clinical manifestations, organization of neurological care. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov. 2020;120(6):7-16. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17116/jnevro20201200617
- Avenali M, Martinelli D, Todisco M, et al. Clinical and elec-trophysiological outcome measures of patients with post-infectious neurological syndromes related to COVID-19 treated with intensive neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2021;12:643713. doi: 10.3389/fneu r.2021.643713
- Курушина О.В., Барулин А.Е. Поражение центральной нервной системы при COVID-19 // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2021. Т. 121, № 1. С. 92-97. [Kurushina OV, Barulin AE. Damage to the central nervous system in COVID-19. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov. 2021;121(1):92-97. (In Russ).]
- Tung-Chen Y, Blanco-Alonso S, Antón-Huguet B, et al. Dolor torácico persistente tras resolución de la enfermedad por cor-onavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Semergen. 2020;46(Suppl 1):88-90. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.006
- Yousefzai R, Bhimaraj A. Misdiagnosis in the COVID-19 era: when zebras are everywhere, don't forget the horses. JACC Case Rep. 2020;2(10):1614-1619. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.018
- Pogg iali E, Vercelli A, Demichele E, et al. Diaphragmatic rupture and gastric perforation in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7(6):001738. doi: 10.12890/2020 001738
- Newton-Cheh C, Zlotoff DA, Hung J, et al. Case 24-2020: a 44-year-old woman with chest pain, dyspnea, and shock. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(5):475-484. doi: 10.1056/NEJ-Mcpc2004975
- Gahide G, Frandon J, Vendrell JF. COVID-19 patients presenting with afebrile acute abdominal pain. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(3):e4-e6. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0150
- Ивашкин В.Т., Шептулин А.А., Зольникова О.Ю., и др. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) и система органов пищеварения // Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2020. Т. 30, № 3. С. 7-13. [Ivash-kin VT, Sheptulin AA, Zolnikova OYu, et al. New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and the digestive system. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Coloproctology. 2020;30(3):7-13. (In Russ).] doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-3-7
- Коган Е.А., Березовский Ю.С., Проценко Д.Д., Багдасарян Т.Р. Патологическая анатомия инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2 // Судебная медицина. 2020. Т. 6, № 2. С. 8-30. [Kogan EA, Berezovsky YuS, Protsenko DD, Bagdasar-yan TR. Pathological anatomy of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2020;6(2):8-30. (In Russ).] doi: 10.19048/2411 -8729-2020-6-2-8-30
- Cheung S, Quiwa JC, Pillai A, et al. Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis and acute intestinal ischemia as a consequence of COVID-19 infection. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e925753. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.925753
- Widyadharma IP, Sari NN, Pradnyaswari KE, et al. Pain as clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection and its management in the pandemic era: a literature review. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2020;56(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s41983-020-00258-0
- Weng LM, Su X, Wang XQ. Pain symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a literature review. J Pain Res. 2021;14:147-159. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269206
- Clauw DJ, Hauser W, Cohen SP, Fitzcharles MA. Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic. PAIN. 2020;161(8):1694-1697. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000-001950
- Aksan F, Nelson EA, Swedish KA. A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(5):800-801. doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00887-4
- Attal N, Martinez V, Bouhassira D. Potential for increased prevalence of neuropathic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic. Pain Rep. 2021;6(1):e884. doi:10.1097/PR9.000-0000000000884
- Meyer-FrieRem CH, Gierthmïihlen J, Baron R, et al. Pain during and after COVID-19 in Germany and worldwide: a narrative review of current knowledge. Pain Rep. 2021;6(1):e893. doi: 10.1097/ PR9.0000000000000893
- Alonso-Matielo H, da Silva Oliveira VR, de Oliveira VT, Dale CS. Pain in COVID era. Front Physiol. 2021;12:624154. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624154
- Bureau BL, Obeidat A, Dhariwal MS, Jha P. Peripheral neuropathy as a complication of SARS-Cov-2. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11452
- Fernandez CE, Franz CK, Ko JH, et al. Imaging review of peripheral nerve injuries in patients with COVID-19. Radiology. 2021;298(3):E117-E130. doi: 10.1148/radiol.202020-3116
- Andalib S, Biller J, Di Napoli M, et al. Peripheral nervous system manifestations associated with COVID-19. Curr Neurol Neu-rosci Rep. 2021;21(3):9. doi: 10.10-07/s11910-021-01102-5
- Sabharwal P, Chakraborty S, Tyagi N, Kumar A. Acute flaccid quadriparesis in a recovering COVID-19 patient: a clinical dilemma. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021;25(2):238-239. doi: 10.5005/ jp-journals-10071-23728
- Карлов В.А., Бурд С.Г., Лебедева А.В., и др. Эпилепсия и COVID-19. Тактика и лечение. Рекомендации Российской противоэпилептической лиги // Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2020. Т. 12, № 1. С. 84-88. [Karlov VA, Burd SG, Lebe-deva AV, et al. Epilepsy and COVID-19. Tactics and treatment. Recommendations of the Russian Antiepileptic League. Epilepsy and Paroxysmal States. 2020;12(1):84-88. (In Russ).]
- Danoun OA, Zillgitt A, Hill C, et al. Outcomes of seizures, status epilepticus, and EEG findings in critically ill patient with COVID-19. Epilepsy Behav. 2021;118:107923. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107923
- Kincaid KJ, Kung JC, Senetar AJ, et al. Post-COVID seizure: A new feature of "long-COVID". Eur Neur Sci. 2021;23:100340. doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100340
- Dono F, Nucera B, Lanzone J, et al. Status epilepticus and COVID-19: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2021;118:107887. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107887
- Belli S, Balbi B, Prince I, et al. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived the hospitalisation. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(4):2002096. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02096-2020
- Mohr A, Dannerbeck L, Lange TJ, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise pattern in patients with persistent dyspnoea after recovery from COVID-19. Respir Med. 2021;16(1):732. doi: 10.4081/mrm.2021.732
- Townsend L, Dyer AH, Jones K, et al. Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0240784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240784
- Roy D, Ghosh R, Dubey S, et al. Neurological and neuropsychiatry impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Can J Neurol Sci. 2021;48(1):9-24. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.173
- Tuzun S, Keles A, Okutan D, et al. Assessment of musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and grip strength in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2021. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06563-6
- Ortelli P, Ferrazzoli D, Sebastianelli L, et al. Neuropsycho-logical and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: Insights into a challenging symptom. J Neurol Sci. 2021;420:117271. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117271
- Mohabbat AB, Mohabbat NM, Wight EC. Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome in the age of COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020;4(6):764-766. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.002
- Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:91-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
- Ferraro F, Calafiore D, Dambruoso F, et al. COVID-19 related fatigue: Which role for rehabilitation in post-COVID-19 patients? A case series. J Med Virol. 2021;93(4):1896-1899. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26717
- Mine rs S, Kehoe PG, Love S. Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00744-w
- Guedj E, Million M, Dudouet P, et al. (18)F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in post-SARS-CoV-2 infection: substrate for persistent/delayed disorders? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021 ;48(2):592-595. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04973-x
- Whiteside DM, Oleynick V, Holker E, et al. Neurocognitive deficits in severe COVID-19 infection: Case series and proposed model. Clin Neuropsychol. 2021;1-20. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1874056
- Stracciari A, Bottini G, Guarino M,; Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Cognitive and behavioral manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 infection: not specific or distinctive features? Neurol Sci. 2021;1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05231-0
- Остроумова Т.М., Черноусов П. А., Кузнецов И. В. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19 // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2021;13(1):126-130. [Ostroumova TM, Chernousov PA, Kuz-netsov IV. Cognitive disorders in patients who underwent COVID-19. Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2021;13(1):126-130. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-1-126-130
- Alemanno F, Houdayer E, Parma A, et al. COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: A COVID-rehabilitation unit experience. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246590. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0246590
- Pajo AT, Espiritu AI, Apor AD, Jamora RD. Neuropathologic findings of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Neurol Sci. 2021;1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05068-7
- Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain. 2020;143(10):3104-3120. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa240
- Струментова Е.С., Лобзин В.Ю., Лобзин С.В. Нарушение обоняния, поражение центральной нервной системы и риск развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний при COVID-19 // Opinion Leader. 2020. № 8. С. 28-34. [Strumentova ES, Lobzin VYu, Lobzin SV. Olfactory impairment, central nervous system damage and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in COVID-19. Opinion Leader. 2020;(8):28-34. (In Russ).]
- El B i ni Dhouib I. Does coronaviruses induce neurodegenerative diseases? A systematic review on the neurotropism and neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2. Drug Discov Ther. 2021;14(6):262-272. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03106
- Steardo L, Steardo L, Verkhratsky A. Psychiatric face of COVID-19. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):261. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00949-5
- Новикова Л.Б., Акопян А.П., Шарапова К.М., Латыпова Р.Ф. Неврологические и психические расстройства, ассоциированные с COVID 19 // Артериальная гипертензия. 2020. Т. 26, № 3. Р. 317-326. [Novikova LB, Akopyan AP, Shara-pova KM, Latypova RF. Neurological and mental disorders associated with COVID 19. Arterial Hypertension. 2020;26(3):317-326. (In Russ).] doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2020-26-3-317-326
- Jasti M, Nalleballe K, Dandu V, Onteddu S. A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19. J Neurol. 2020;1-6. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09950-w
- Rogers JP, David AS. A longer look at COVID-19 and neuropsychiatric outcomes. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(5):351-352. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00120-6
- Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611-627. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0
- Харламенкова Н.Е., Быховец Ю.В., Дан М.В., Никитина Д.А. Переживание неопределенности, тревоги, беспокойства в условиях COVID-19 // Психологический журнал. 2020. [Kharlamenkova NE, Bykhovets YuV, Dan MV, Nikitina DA. Experiencing uncertainty, anxiety, and anxiety in the conditions of COVID-19. Psychological Journal. 2020. (In Russ).] Режим доступа: http://ipras.ru/cntnt/rus/institut_p/covid-19/kommentarii-eksp/har-1.html. Дата обращения: 15.03.2021.
- Дороженок И.Ю. Депрессии в период пандемии COVID-19 (разборы клинических случаев) // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2021;13(1):81-86. [Dorozhe-nok IYu. Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (analysis of clinical cases). Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2021;13(1):81-86. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2021-1-81-86
- içlek A, Balc MK. Phantosmia with COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction: report of nine case. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;1-3. doi: 10.1007/s12070-021-02505-z
- Liu DT, Sabha M, Damm M, et al. Parosmia is associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training. Laryngoscope. 2021;131(3):618-623. doi: 10.1002/lary.29277
- Fontana IC, Bongarzone S, Gee A, et al. PET Imaging as a tool for assessing COVID-19 brain changes. Trends Neurosci. 2020;43(12):935-938. doi: 10.1016/ j.tins.2020.10.010
- Al-Sarraj S, Troakes C, Hanley B, et al. Invited review: the spectrum of neuropathology in COVID-19. Neuropathol Appl Neuro-biol. 2021;47(1):3-16. doi: 10.1111/nan.12667
- Belli S, Balbi B, Prince I, et al. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived the hospitalisation. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(4):2002096. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02096-2020
- Goodman BP, Khoury JA, Blair JE, Grill MF. COVID-19 dysauto-nomia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624968. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624968
- Johansson M, Stаhlberg M, Runold M, et al. Long-haul post-COVID-19 symptoms presenting as a variant of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: the swedish experience. JACC Case Rep. 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.01.009
- Blitshteyn S, Whitelaw S. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients. Immunol Res. 2021;1-6. doi: 10.1007/s12026-021-09185-5
- Motiejunaite J, Balagny P, Arnoult F, et al. Hyperventilation: a possible explanation for long-lasting exercise intolerance in mild COVID-19 survivors? Front Physiol. 2021;11:614590. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614590
- Pasquetto G, Conti GB, Susana A, et al. Syncope, Brugada syndrome, and COVID-19 lung disease. JArrhythm. 2020;36(4):768-770. doi: 10.1002/joa3.12375
- 112.Doodnauth AV, Jallad A, Rizk D, et al. Syncope associated with sinus nodal dysfunction in a COVID-19 patient: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Case Rep. 2021;9(4):263-267. doi: 10.12691/ajmcr-9-4-15
- Oates CP, Turagam MK, Musikantow D, et al. Syncope and presyncope in patients with COVID-19. Pacing Clin Electro-physiol. 2020;43(10):1139-1148. doi: 10.1111/pace.14047
- 114.Hernandez PI, Talavera de la EB, Valle PG, Garcia AD. Isolated syncope as a form of presentation of COVID-19 infection. Neurologia. 2021;36(2):185-187. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.11.001
- Birlutiu V, Birlutiu RM, Feiereisz AI. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with micturition syncope: Our experience with 4 case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(31):e21512. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021512
- Singh S, Desai R, Gandhi Z, et al. Takotsubo syndrome in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review of published cases. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;1-7. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00557-w
- Finsterer J, Stollberger C. SARS-CoV-2 associated polyrad-iculitis and myocarditis may favour Takotsubo syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2021;148:110509. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021. 110-509
- Tan GP, Ho S, Fan BE, et al. Reversible platypnea-orth-odeoxia in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020;282:3510-3515. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103515
- Singh K, Kadnur H, Ray A, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Arch Chest Dis. 2020;90(4). doi: 10.4081/monal-di.2020.1609
- Novak P. Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with or-thostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy: a case report. Eur Neur Sci. 2020;21:100276. doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100276
- Chigr F, Merzouki M, Najimi M. Autonomic brain centers and pathophysiology of COVID-19. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11:1520-1522. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00265
- Dani M, Dirksen A, Taraborrelli P, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in 'long COVID': rationale, physiology and management strategies. Clin Med (Lond). 2021;21(1):e63-e67. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0896
- Трошина Е.А., Мельниченко ГА., Сенюшкина Е.С., Мокрышева Н.Г. Адаптация гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидной и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой систем к новому инфекционному заболеванию — COVID-19 в условиях развития COVID-19-пневмонии и/или цитокинового шторма // Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология. 2020. Т. 16, № 1. С. 21-27. [Troshina EA, Melnichenko GA, Seny-ushkina ES, Mokrysheva NG. Adaptation of the hypothalamic-pitu-itary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems to a new infectious disease-COVID-19 in the development of COVID-19-pneu-monia and/or cytokine storm. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidol-ogy. 2020;16(1):21-27. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14341/ket12461
- De Gennaro R, Gastaldo E, Tamborino C, et al. Selective cranial multineuritis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(5):1643-1648. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05087-4
- Kaya Tutar N, Kale N, Tugcu B. Adie-holmes syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(3):773-774. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3589_20
- Alzahrani AS, Mukhtar N, Aljomaiah A, et al. The impact of COVID-19 viral infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(2):83-89. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2020.10.014
- Kothandaraman N, Rengaraj A, Xue B, et al. COVID-19 en-docrinopathy with hindsight from SARS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021;320(1):E139-E150. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00480.2020
- Taçlidere B, Mehmetaj L, Ozcan AB, et al. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome induced by COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;41:262.e5-262.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.018
- Ahmed O, Aladham Y, Mahmood S, Abdelnaby MM. Complicated sinusitis with sphenopalatine artery thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient: a case report. J Surg Case Rep. 2021 ;2021(3):rjab010. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjab010
- Gherlone EF, Polizzi E, Tetè G, et al. Frequent and persistent salivary gland ectasia and oral disease after COVID-19. J Dent Res. 2021;100(5):464-471. doi: 10.1177/002203452-1997112
- Katz J. Prevalence of dry mouth in COVID-19 patients with and without Sicca syndrome in a large hospital center. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;1-3. doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02480-4
- Пушкина Н.В. Алопеции и COVID-19. Варианты ведения трихологических пациентов // Косметика и медицина. 2021. № 1. С. 134-140. [Pushkina NV. Alopecia and COVID-19. Options for the management of trichological patients. Cosmetics and Medicine. 2021;(1):134-140. (In Russ).]
- Meyer C, Haustrate MA, Nisolle JF, Deltombe T. Heterotopic ossification in COVID-19: a series of 4 cases. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;63(6):565-567. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.09.010
- Barker-Davies RM, O'Sullivan O, Senaratne KP, et al. The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(16):949-959. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102596
- Putko RM, Bedrin MD, Clark DM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and limb ischemia: a systematic review. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;12(1):194-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.11.018
- Ramondetta A, Ribero S, Costi S, Dapavo P. Pression-in-duced facial ulcers by prone position for COVID-19 mechanical ventilation. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4):e13748. doi:10.1111dth.13-748
- 137.Yu JN, Wu BB, Feng LP, Chen HL. COVID-19 related pressure injuries in patients and personnel: A systematic review. J Tissue Viability. 2021;S0965-206X(21)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.04.002
- Pauli MA, Pereira LM, Monteiro ML, et al. Painful palatal lesion in a patient with COVID-19. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;S2212-4403(21)00160-7. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.010
- Ramani SL, Samet J, Franz CK, et al. Musculoskeletal involvement of COVID-19: review of imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2021;1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00256-021-03734-7
- Bax F, Lettieri C, Marini A, et al. Clinical and neurophysio-logical characterization of muscular weakness in severe COVID-19. Neurol Sci. 2021;1-6. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05110-8
- Mehan WA, Yoon BC, Lang M, et al. Paraspinal myositis in patients with COVID-19 Infection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(10): 1949-1952. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6711
- 142.Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Axiotis A, et al. COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis. QJM. 2021;hcab043. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab04
- Barp A, Velardo D, Ciscato P, et al. Anti-HMGCR myopathy misdiagnosed as motor neuron disease and complicated with COVID-19 infection. Neurol Sci. 2021;1-4. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05146-w
- Quintana-Ortega C, Remesal A, Ruiz de Valbuena M, et al. Fatal outcome of anti-MDA5 juvenile dermatomyositis in a pae-diatric COVID-19 patient: a case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2021;5(1):101-107. doi: 10.1080/24725625.2020.1832755
- Nasuelli NA, Pettinaroli R, Godi L, et al. Critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) and focal amyotrophy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SARS-CoV-2: a case series. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(3):1119-1121. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04820-9
- Manzano GS, Woods JK, Amato AA. COVID-19-associ-ated myopathy caused by type I interferonopathy. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2389-2390. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2031085
- Van Aerde N, van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, et al. Intensive care unit acquired muscle weakness in COVID-19 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(11):2083-2085. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06244-7
- Méndez-Guerrero A, Laespada-García MI, Gómez-Grande A, et al. Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Neurology. 2020;95(15):e2109-e2118. doi: 10.12-12/WN L.0000000000010282
- Roy D, Song J, Awad N, Zamudio P. Treatment of unexplained coma and hypokinetic-rigid syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(3):e239781. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239781
- Diezma-Martín AM, Morales-Casado MI, García-Al-varado N, et al. Tremor and ataxia in COVID-19. Neurologia. 2020;35(6):409-410. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.06.005
- Chan JL, Murphy KA, Sarna JR. Myoclonus and cerebel-lar ataxia associated with COVID-19: a case report and systematic review. J Neurol. 2021;1-32. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10458-0
- Cohen ME, Eichel R, Steiner-Birmanns B, et al. A case of probable Parkinson's disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(10):804-805. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30305-7
- Brundin P, Nath A, Beckham JD. Is COVID-19 a perfect storm for Parkinson's disease? Trends Neurosci. 2020;43(12):931-933. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.009
- Wang H, Qin R, Zhang J, Chen Y. Possible immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress mechanisms of Alzheimers disease in COVID-19 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;201:106414. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106414
- Antonini A, Leta V, Teo J, Chaudhuri KR. Outcome of Parkinson>s disease patients affected by COVID-19. Mov Disord. 2020;35(6):905-908. doi: 10.1002/mds.28104
- Воробьев С.В., Шалепо К.В., Спасибова E^., и др. Инфекционные агенты как фактор риска развития болезни Альцгеймера // Журнал инфектологии. 2020. T. 12, № 1. С. 5-13. [Vorobyov SV, Shalepo KV, Spasibova EV, et al. Infectious agents as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimers disease. Journal of Infectology. 2020;12(1):5-13. (In Russ).] doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-5-13
- 157.Yu Y, Travaglio M, Popovic R, et al. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases predict different COVID-19 outcomes: a uk biobank study. Geriatrics (Basel). 2021;6(1):10. doi: 10.3390/geriat-rics6010010
- Borah P, Deb PK, Chandrasekaran B, et al. Neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and concurrence of treatment-induced neuropsychiatric adverse events in COVID-19 patients: navigating the uncharted. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:627723. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.627723
- Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J. Auditory cinchonism in COVID era. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020;99(9):597-598. doi: 10.1177/0145561320947255
- Al-Ramadan A, Rabab'h O, Shah J, Gharaibeh A. Acute and post-acute neurological complications of COVID-19. Neurol Int. 2021;13(1):102-119. doi: 10.3390/neurolint13010010
- Chang WT, Toh HS, Liao CT, Yu WL. Cardiac involvement of COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Am J Med Sci. 2021;361(1):14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.002
- See I, Su JR, Lale A, et al. US case reports of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after Ad26. COV2.S; Vaccination, March 2 to, 2021. JAMA. 2021;e217517. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.7517
- Wolf ME, Luz B, Niehaus L, et al. Thrombocytopenia and intracranial venous sinus thrombosis after "COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca" exposure. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1599. doi: 10.3390/jcm10081599
- Román GC, Gracia F, Torres A, et al. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM): clinical review of 43 patients with COVID-19-asso-ciated ATM and 3 post-vaccination ATM serious adverse events with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222). Front Immunol. 2021;12:653786. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653786
- Waheed S, Bayas A, Hindi F, et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19: Guillain-Barre syndrome following Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13426. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13426