Increase of efficiency of biologically active substance extraction from vegetable raw material by ultrasonic treatment

Constantly increasing needs of the society in biologically active substances including of the antioxidant nature determine the search for not only the promising sources of their production but also for the extraction methods. High variability of biologically active compounds requires the development of suitable standard approaches for their extraction. Selection of the method and parameters of the BAS extraction process determines the properties of the extracted substance and its efficiency in future. As an activation mechanism for the extraction process we have chosen an ultrasonic treatment characterized by the presence of elastic vibrations and waves with a frequency higher than 15-20 kHz. Great nettle (Urtica folia L.) and zoned oats of cv. “Belozerniy” have been selected as sources of natural adaptogene. The experiment is based on the following extraction factors: BAS extraction agents (water and water-alcohol solution with 70 % of alcohol concentration), ultrasonic processing of an extraction agent with different power (120 W and 24 0W) for 5 minutes, extraction method (infusion and distillation). The results of the analysis have shown that the sample of Urtica folia L. extract obtained by using 120 W ultrasonic processing possesses the greatest antioxidant activity in relation to the control. Ultrasonic processing of 120 W for 5 minutes is very effective for preserving antioxidants (АОА 2.4043 ± 0.084 mg/ml at a control of 2.0773 ± 0.06 mg/ml). The ultrasonic effect on the grain in water with a power of 120 W for 5 minutes activates the release of extractive substances from oat and increases the antioxidant activity of the extract. Thus, it has been found that ultrasonic treatment improves the kinetics of extraction and the release of biologically active substances from the substrate.