Application of biochemical markers for early diagnosis and prevention of abomasal displacement in dairy cows

The investigation of biochemical blood parameters of cattle was conducted to determine the threshold values for normal and abnormal values of during abomasal displacement. The methodology includes an assessment of metabolic processes and immune status of animals to improve the health monitoring system for dairy cattle and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a method for biochemical diagnosis of dystopia of the abomasum and metabolic disorders in lactating cows using modern analytical equipment. A study of biochemical blood parameters of freshly calved Holstein cows in their first and second lactations was conducted. In the control group, beta-hydroxybutyric acid was 0.25±0.52 g/mol, lactate 1.8±0.71 mmol/l, insulin 7.9±1.20 pmol/l, urea 3.15±1.58 pmol/l. The following values were increased during left abomasal displacement: beta-hydroxybutyric acid 1.8±0.36 g/mol, lactate 2.45±0.49 mmol/l, insulin 12.15±0.83 pmol/l, urea 8.1±1.09 pmol/l. Critical deviations were revealed during the right displacement of abomasum: a decrease in beta-hydroxybutyric acid to 0.15 ± 0.60 g/mol, a maximum lactate level of 4.25 ± 0.82 mmol/l, hyperglycemia 125.5 ± 23.12 mg/dl, an increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase to 86.4 ± 16.64 U/l, AST 163 ± 29.28 U/l. An increase in the level of non-esterified fatty acids in all experimental groups, an increase in gammaglutamyl transferase hyperglycemia with the right displacement, an increase in AST in all groups relative to the control were shown. The following indicators were established when assessing mineral metabolism: calcium 10.1 mg% (8.45- 12.42 mg%), phosphorus 8.1 mg% (4.9-11.95 mg%), creatinine 97.5 μmol/l (35.4-145.2 μmol/l), cholesterol 158.7 mg% (95.3-198.3 mg%). Key biochemical markers of fresh cows’ blood (gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, lactate, urea, insulin, glucose, low-density lipoproteins) were identified, allowing for the early diagnosis of abomasal displacement and metabolic disorders. The measured threshold values of the indicators for both healthy animals and those with displacement make it possible to assess deviations from the norm. Additionally, measuring urea in blood and milk can serve as an indicator of associated nutritional deficiencies.