The Problem of Cultural Heritage in an Era of Transformation: the Experience of Russia and Vietnam

In the ХХI st century, the reproduction of cultural memory has gone beyond classical restoration. The city as a place of memory has today become a complex and multifaceted concept, requiring an interdisciplinary approach. This article examines the experiences of Russia and Vietnam, which clearly demonstrate that in the modern era of transformation, preserving urban memory requires a comprehensive approach. A conscious policy based on understanding culture as a resource not only counters the risks of oblivion and homogenization but also transforms cultural heritage into a resource for sustainable development, social cohesion, and dialogue with the world. The experiences of Hanoi and Moscow demonstrate that true modernity is achieved not by rejecting the past, but by creatively reinterpreting it.