Psycho-emotional state of reproductive-age women as a risk factor influencing smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy

Introduction. Mental disorders are the reason for pregnancy-related nicotine and alcohol use, thus making the early diagnosis of psychological distress and traumatic experiences a crucial task. Women at risk of pregnancy-related substance use require timely psychological support. Aim. This study examines the complex relationship between psycho-emotional state and substance use in reproductive-age women before pregnancy and in the prenatal period. Materials and methods. The sample involved 204 pregnant women. The obtained data were analyzed using standardized measures of psychological distress (K-10 and IES-R scales), substance use risk assessment tools (AUDIT-C, ASSIST, and TLFB), and socio-demographic factors. Results. Our findings demonstrate relatively high levels of psychological distress among pregnant women, with 13.7 % reporting smoking and 21.6 % reporting alcohol abuse. A strong correlation was found between distress levels and substance use, particularly among smokers. The number of women with signs of distress who did not consume alcohol increased during the prenatal period. Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive prenatal care that integrates psychological support to mitigate risks associated with nicotine and alcohol exposure during pregnancy.