Радиомика и радиогеномика глиобластомы: теоретические основы и возможности клинического применения. Обзор литературы

Автор: Никульшина Я.О., Редькин А.Н., Колпаков А.В.

Журнал: Вестник Российского научного центра рентгенорадиологии Минздрава России @vestnik-rncrr

Рубрика: Обзоры, лекции

Статья в выпуске: 3 т.22, 2022 года.

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Глиобластома - нейроэпителиальная злокачественная опухоль головного мозга преимущественно астроцитарного происхождения с агрессивным течением и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Наиболее частыми симптомами являются головная боль, судороги,неврологический дефицит, когнитивные и личностные нарушения. На МРТ глиобластомы проявляются в виде образования с нечетким контурами, неоднородной структуры, с зонами неравномерного накопления контрастного вещества, окружающими гипоинтенсивный некротический центр опухоли. Медиана общей выживаемости составляет 15 месяцев после комплексного лечения, что диктует необходимость разработки персонализированного подхода в диагностике и лечении глиобластом. Основной принцип радиомики предполагает извлечение большого числа количественных признаков из медицинских изображений с использованием компьютерных алгоритмов; радиогеномика является инструментом для оценки подтипа опухоли, мутационного статуса и внутриопухолевой гетерогенности, отражающей связь с прогрессированием, выживаемостью и ответом на лечение. Использование радиомики и радиогеномики при глиобластомах создает потенциал для прогнозирования выживаемости, дифференциальной диагностики глиом и других опухолей, определение степени дифференцировки Grade, выявления мутаций и амплификаций, дифференциальной диагностики псевдопрогрессии и опухолевой прогрессии, прогнозирования ответа на химиолучевое лечение.

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Глиобластома, радиомический анализ, радиогеномика, магнитно-резонансная томография, химиолучевое лечение

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/149142250

IDR: 149142250

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