Differences between China and the United States in the Perception of the World Order: Strategic Dynamics and Geopolitics

The deepening polycentricity and transformation of the global governance architecture have brought the study of Sino-American relations in the Asia-Pacific region to the forefront. Fundamental differences in historical and cultural heritage, national interests, and the distribution of power have shaped enduring disagreements over the very essence of the “world order”. Drawing from the experience of post-war institutional building and the concept of the “liberal international order”, the United States seeks to maintain dominance through military alliances, a system of allies, and institutional exclusivity. In contrast, China advocates for reforming the existing system, striving for more equitable representation of developing countries and promoting polycentricity, mutual respect, and the right to development. The authors conclude that even amid intensifying competition, there is still room for selective cooperation, provided that both parties exercise strategic restraint and avoid escalation scenarios.