The role of the bone marrow microenvironment and the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway in the development of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant disease characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The review highlights current data indicating a significant role of the bone marrow microenvironment and signaling pathways in the development and progression of MM. Among the numerous factors of the microenvironment in the development of MM, adhesion molecules and the signaling pathways associated with them play a significant role. The CXCR4/CXCL12 receptor-ligand complex plays an essential role in the proliferation, invasion, spread, and drug resistance of MM. CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling plays a significant pathological role at different stages of MM, participates in metastasis, angiogenesis, and activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. Further study of the functioning of the CXCR4/ CXCL12 axis is promising in terms of identifying new effective treatment methods and combining them with existing strategies