The role of psychological factors in the development and exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Introduction. Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of people worldwide, with a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare costs. While the biological and environmental causes of asthma have been extensively studied, the role of psychological factors in the development and exacerbation of asthma remains relatively understudied. This article aims to fill this gap by reviewing the existing literature on psychological factors and their influence on the onset and exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Methods. In this review, we analyzed a broad range of studies that investigated the link between psychological factors and asthma. The materials and methods involved a thorough search of various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, and a critical evaluation of the selected studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Results. The analysis of the literature revealed that psychological factors can contribute to the development and exacerbation of bronchial asthma through various mechanisms, such as immune dysregulation, altered airway physiology, and poor treatment adherence. The most commonly reported psychological factors associated with asthma were stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion. This review highlights the importance of considering psychological factors in the management of bronchial asthma. A holistic approach to asthma management that considers both physical and psychological factors is essential for effective treatment and improved quality of life of patients. Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential impact of psychological factors on asthma and consider incorporating psychological interventions as part of asthma management.